Developing the management skills

Regardless of the unit one is utilized in, an unassuming conduct with each other, consistently is fundamental to not to offer ascent to conduct issues which thus require an activity of inspiration instrument by the administration. Notwithstanding, issues set to emerge when various outlooks meet up with the end goal of work and arrangements are consistently accessible for each issue of conduct in an association. Apparently EL, an expert association, has designated a specialist, an outcast to break down the conduct of its representatives to empower a perfectly clear image of workers social and persuasive problem.EL social and inspirational rules are magnificent in setting an example of guidelines for representatives. As it shows up, engineers who structure 88 percent, are prevalently significant for the tasks while on this premise, different representatives are here and there are experiencing conduct issues with engineers. There are no shortcomings for EL though the organization can ov ersee individuals well but to the way that total dynamic is under the direction of company’s President.As for the President of EL, the high need undertaking is permit an open conversation gathering of the two architects and authoritative representatives and think about composed recommendations for taking care of conduct issues and after an exhaustive investigation of desk work, consider an inspirational workshop wherein the two designers and managerial staff are urged to keep up amicability in working environment without offering cause to detached perspectives in work place. As such, pay rates, turnover, office and offices are great and representatives additionally have the help of expert to talk about and set forth the issues that are causing concern.ConclusionScotland workshop on inspiration considers thatâ FUN = ENERGY = MOTIVATION = FOCUS = RESULTS. Individual execution too cooperation is significant for associations to convey quality work.â In request to prepare w orkers for all out quality managementâ (TQM) mindfulness workshops must be led to urge workers to practice honing of skills,â investigate singular qualities and lacunae regions. At long last, great and suitable communicationâ takes care of half of the issues as an amazing persuasive tool.References Motivated to succeedAccessed on 8 April 2007http://www.scotlandis.com/content_files/downloads/wet%20loth%20it.pdfBlaire Palmer (2005), Optimum Newsletter †Manager versus leaderAccessed 8 April 2007http://www.optimum-coaching.co.uk/news/motivation_newsletter_apr05.htm

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay

Ethic report for wind and sunlight based and hydropower - Essay Example a be created in various scales to be specific enormous hydro (more than 10megawatts), little hydro (upto10 megawatts), small scale hydro (up to 100kw), and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One significant favorable position of hydroelectric force is that the operational expense of a hydroelectric plant is practically resistant to the expansion in the expense of fossils fuel and, all the more in this way, positively no imports are required for the equivalent. Hydropower is a perfect wellspring of vitality with definitely no emanations of Carbon Dioxide, and, subsequently, no contamination to nature. A dangerous atmospheric devation is additionally limited. The hydropower dams can be utilized as a living space for some fish and untamed life. All the more along these lines, the water can be utilized for water system purposes, and they make the encompassing region around rich (Ryan, 2009). Furthermore, power can be created at a consistent rate and power age can be halted when it isn't required by shutting conduit doors. Along these lines, water can be put away for quite a while when there is less interest for power. Since dams can remain for a more extended period it very well may be utilized to, store water there is no appeal of intensity. It is essential to take note of that numerous countries suggest hydropower on the grounds that it doesn't emanate any destructive synthetic compounds and gases, for example, carbon dioxide and it's anything but a significant supporter of a dangerous atmospheric devation through carbon dioxide. Hydropower is an inexhaustible wellspring of vitality or force since waterways and streams are normally accessible. Further, hydropower isn't costly when contrasted with vitality created from atomic vitality or non-renewable energy sources. The benefit of hydroelectric stores is that they can handle every day, regular, and pinnacle loads. For example, when the interest of electric falls, the repositories or dams store water while some introduced power generators are utilized to store overabundance vitality (Ryan, 2009). The expense of creating hydropower is low making it the most ideal wellspring of the world’s sustainable power source. Further, hydroelectric plants are said to have long monetary lives with certain plants

History of the Brass Rat

History of the Brass Rat The Brass Rat, the MIT class ring. MIT students get theirs sophomore year and wear the beaver sitting on them until graduation. At Commencement, the ring is flipped over so that the beaver is sitting on the world. Legend has it that it is the third most recognized ring in the world, after the Superbowl Ring and the Pope Ring. The tradition began in the spring of 1929 when senior class president C. Brigham Allen brought together a member from each of the Classes of 1930, 1931, and 1932 to design a ring that the Institute Committee would approve as the Standard Technology Ring. They couldnt decide whether to put the beaver or the Dome on the bezel of ring. The Committee looked to the original discussion over the mascot, calling upon the now-famous defense of the beaver by Lester Gardner, class of 1897. We first thought of the kangaroo which, like Tech, goes forward in leaps and bounds. Then we considered the elephant. He is wise, patient, strong, hardworking, and, like all who graduate from Tech, has a good hide. But neither of these were American animals. We turned to Mr. Hornadys book on the animals of North America and instantly chose the beaver. The beaver not only typifies the Tech [student], but his habits are peculiarly our own. The beaver is noted for his engineering, mechanical skills, and industry. His habits are nocturnal. He does his best work in the dark. With that in mind, along with the fact that many other schools had buildings similar to our Great Dome, the Committee ultimately decided to honor our hard-working and industrious mascot on the ring, allowing the class of 1930 to proudly wear the first-ever Standard Technology Ring, lovingly referred to as the Brass Rat. Since then, each class has appointed its own Ring Committee to uphold these time-honored traditions. The committee strives to design a ring that we, as students, can take pride in, and which will, upon graduation, unite us all as graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Serving on the 2017 Ring Committee, I spent a lot of time closely inspecting and growing a deep love for the uniqueness of each of the different Brass Rats. One of my favorite MIT Admissions blog posts is Matt McGanns A bevy of Beautiful brass Rat bezels, published in 2006. After a quick history of the Brass Rat, Matt catalogs all of the bezels from 01 to 08. An  updated version  was published in 2008 that added the 00, 09, 10 bezels. He then  updated it again in 2009 with the addition of the 11 Brass Rat, but not since. Im updating his list here with the additions of the 12-17 bezels and older bezels going all the way back to the original Standard Technology Ring. The Class of 2017 Brass Rat The Class of 2016 Brass Rat:     The Class of 2015 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2014 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2013 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2012 Brass Rat: The Class of 2011 Brass Rat: The Class of 2010 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2009 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2008 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2007 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2006 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2005 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2004 Brass Rat: The Class of 2003 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2002 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2001 Brass Rat:   The Class of 2000 Brass Rat:   The Class of 1998 Brass Rat: The Class of 1996 Brass Rat: The Class of 1994 Brass Rat: The Class of 1992 Brass Rat: The Class of 1990 Brass Rat: The Class of 1989 Brass Rat: The Class of 1988 Brass Rat: The Class of 1987 Brass Rat: The Class of 1986 Brass Rat: The Class of 1985 Brass Rat: The Class of 1984 Brass Rat: The Class of 1983 Brass Rat: The Class of 1982 Brass Rat: The Class of 1981 Brass Rat: The Class of 1980 Brass Rat: The Class of 1979 Brass Rat: The Class of 1978 Brass Rat: The Class of 1977 Brass Rat: The Class of 1975 Brass Rat (thanks David!) The Class of 1970 Brass Rat: The Class of 1963 Brass Rat: The Class of 1950 Brass Rat: The (Original) Class of 1930 Brass Rat: *Photos are from the respective websites of the Ring Committees. Older Brass Rat photos are from webmuseum.mit.edu. If youre an alum and you have a Brass Rat that is missing a photo here, definitely send it to me, Id love to add it and make this as complete a database as possible. Which Brass Rat is your favorite? Post Tagged #Brass Rat

Roman Catholic Essay - 652 Words

E it Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC). School Based Assessment (SBA) RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Roman Catholic: Worship Name of Candidate: Andrew Jevaughn Jerome Tibby School: St. Georges College Centre #: Candidate #: Teacher’s name: Ms. McKay Year of Exam: 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher would like to thank God firstly for giving him the strength to complete this project. A big share of gratitude is given to my teacher for helping me to choose such a comfortable topic. The researcher’s parents is also to be thanked for their motivation and strong support. INTRODUCTION The Roman Catholic denomination falls under the religion of Christianity. Roman Catholics find the use of blessing very important, because they†¦show more content†¦Pope John Paul II added a new set of mysteries, the luminous mysteries, which mark some of the important teachings of Jesus life. Some Catholics carry rosaries with them everywhere, in pockets, purses, or wallets. Medals are small discs, usually made of metal, that depict images of Jesus, Mary, or a saint; they are commonly worn as necklaces but show up in other formats as well. Theologically their purpose is to remind the believer to be open to Gods grace, but Catholics have traditionally believed them to carry certain power. For instance, a Saint Christopher medal in cars is supposed to protect passengers, while a necklace containing the Miraculous medal of Mary is said to protect its wearer. There are an enormous number of different medals, each thought to provide a particular protection. According to Church teaching, the most important sacramental is the use of blessings. Blessings are a form of prayer asking God to grant grace to the person, place, or thing being blessed. Catholics often say blessings before consuming meals, thanking God for the gift of the food they are about to eat. Catholic parents have traditionally laid their hands on their childrens heads as a form of blessing, asking for their protection and guidance. Some blessings require the servicesShow MoreRelatedThe Development of the Roman Catholic Church Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesTo speak of the development of the Roman Catholic Church, is as if to retell the entire story of creation, all the way from Genesis to present day, and even into the future; because â€Å"Ecclesia semper reformanda est† or â€Å"the Church is always reforming itself† and, â€Å"Every valley must be filled and every mountain and hill shall be made low.† Therefore, it is best to look at a certain p oint in the life of this particular religion, which, since â€Å"the Church is always reforming itself†, is not yet completeRead MoreRoman Catholic Churchs Teachings on Abortion and Euthanasia Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesRoman Catholic Churchs Teachings on Abortion and Euthanasia The Roman Catholic Church teaches that Human life is sacred. Explain how this teaching influences its attitude to abortion and euthanasia, showing that you understand other points of view. (You should refer to the Bible, to the thinking/writing of Christians and Roman Catholic tradition to illustrate and support what you say). The greatest gift of God, I would think is the gift ofRead MoreEssay on Roman Catholics Beliefs About Marriage and Family869 Words   |  4 PagesRoman Catholics Beliefs About Marriage and Family In Question A I looked at the biblical teachings about marriage and family life and found that they were love, sacrament, exclusive, permanent and fruitful. In this question, I will look at how these teachings can be put into action in today’s society. In order to make a marriage successful in the first place, it is important to prepare for it and this preparation takes place during the engagement. Couples must sitRead More Influence of Roman Catholic Church in Frank McCourt?s Life Essay838 Words   |  4 Pages Influence of Roman Catholic Church in Frank McCourt’s Life nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the coming-of-age autobiographical novel Angela’s Ashes, Frank McCourt reveals that the Roman Catholic Church plays an extremely central role in his young life. The religious atmosphere in which he is raised acts as a huge part in his point of view, and even his name is reflective of his family’s beliefs. â€Å"Not until late December did they take Male to St. Paul’s Church to be baptized and named after Francis†¦theRead MoreEssay on The Roman Catholic View of Marriage468 Words   |  2 PagesThe Roman Catholic View of Marriage Lots of people, male and female, spend there childhoods dreaming about the big day. White dresses, fresh flowers, big church and of course the rings, just to name a few of the important things needing to be arranged. People spend months preparing the big day. The list of things to do never ends food, clothes, guest list and reception. But how often do we stop and think about the Christian beliefs on marriage. When did we last ask whatRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Times Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pages In the Medieval times, the Roman Catholic Church played a great role in the development of England and had much more power than the Church of today does. In Medieval England, the Roman Catholic Church dominated everyday life and controlled everyone whether it is knights, peasants or kings. The Church was one of the most influential institutions in all of Medieval England and played a large role in education and religion. The Churchs power was so great that they could order and control knightsRead MoreThe Reform of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesdealings of the Roman Catholic Church. This discontent eventually lead to the reform of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe, and religious beliefs and attitudes became divided between northern and southern Europe. This is a summary of the events that lead to this historic change in religious culture that would impact Christianity for the next 500 years and beyond. By the late medieval period, many Europeans perceived the large amount of riches and land acquired by the Roman Catholic Church as unjustRead MoreRoman Catholic Church Reformation: Martin Luther Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesOn the 31st of October 1517 was the beginning of the reformation when Martin Luther Posted up his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Roman Catholic Church and published in Wittenberg, Germany. The Reformation Became the Basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Luther had far-reaching political, economic and social effects. But the main question is why Martin Luther was able to successfully challenge the church of its religious and political authorityRead MoreRoman Catholic Church and Judgement in the Middle Ages Essay1762 Words   |  8 Pages These shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power.† (Thessalonians 1:8, 9). The Middle Ages was a time of death, pain and superstition; no one could escape God’s judgment. When the Roman Empire fell, The Church had created an everlasting clutch of control over the people. If one did not obey The Church, they were excommunicated and labeled heretics, cast out into the world with no spiritual guidance, never to see the light of God againRead MoreComparing Worship Practices of the Baptists and Roman Catholics1082 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Baptists and Roman Catholics In this essay I will be identifying the main features of the Baptist and Roman Catholic denominations and how they use their main features in worship. I will also distinguish what these two denominations have in common and in difference. I will finally say if their similarities are less or more than their differences. The main similarities between the two denominations are that both Baptist and Roman Catholic churches proclaim the

A P By John Updike - 1160 Words

Wearing only bathing suits, three girls walk into a store, causing chaos and forever altering one young man’s life. While the customers of the store scorn the girls’ immodesty, a cashier, Sammy, becomes greatly affected by them, intensifying his longing for change. He admires the girls for their open rebellion against the society. The store manager confronts these girls, telling them to have covered shoulders upon their next entrance at the store. As Sammy observes the scene, he quits his job as a sign of being a part of â€Å"the rebellion† and in hopes of being a hero in the girls’ eyes. Reality sinks into Sammy when he misses the girls’ exit and regret fills him. What he thinks is noble and just becomes a changed,†¦show more content†¦The society at that time sought consumerism, for it was important to them. As Sammy notices a person purchasing four cans of pineapple juice, he asks himself, â€Å"(what do these bums do with all that pineapple juice? I’ve often asked myself)† (Updike 361). Sammy does not see the importance of consumerism and values what the traditional society dislikes. In displaying his longing for change, Sammy even goes as far as to make fun of the society when he jokes to himself, â€Å"I bet you could set off dynamite in an A P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists...† (Updike 360). Consumerism was a hungry, jealous love that controlled the traditional people of that time. The store symbolized consumerism, which was a jewel in society’s mind of this time. The reference to sheep is a symbol of conformity, yet another picture of the desire for change. While Sammy observes the people in the store, he thinks to himself, â€Å"The sheep pushing their carts down the aisle- the girls were walking against the usual traffic...† (Updike 360). As the story progresses, Sammy keeps on referring to the shoppers as â€Å"sheep†. The â€Å"sheep† are the conformed people who do not like change. In Sammy’s mind, these conformed people follow the traditional crowd, living the same way they have always lived. The society had been living with these chains of conformity for so long that change was foreign to its ears. Sheep likeShow MoreRelatedA P By John Updike982 Words   |  4 PagesThe story that this research paper is being written over is â€Å"AP† by John Updike. This story is filled with good grammar and has a well written plot and good transition. A person reading the story â€Å"AP† could see it as an interesting story filled with good symbolism. The main character, Sammy, uses a great deal of symbolism when describing the three girls in bathing suits who walked into the store he works in. the three girls in bathing suits that walked into the store where the center of the wholeRead MoreA P By John Updike1190 Words   |  5 PagesA P is a story of Sammy who is a 19 year old boy working as a clerk at a grocery store in a small town in New England. Published back in 1961 narrative defining A P is the popular mythology of 1960s basically where youthful rebellion powers took over the soulless system. (Sustana) Therefore Updike has written a story that includes key elements of myth along with the background of postwar prosperity and the attendant consumer culture. Where there is a strong hint of the Cold War as hero characterRead MoreA P By John Updike1704 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story AP by John Updike a young cashier by the name of Sammy learns about the power of desire and the mystery of others minds when working at an AP supermarket in a small town north of Boston in the 1960’s, where there was a lot of social norms and many people didn’t step out of them. The young nineteen-year-old Sammy wasn’t expecting his Thursday shift at AP to go the way it did when income three young girls but, these are not your socially normal teenagers who come walking in the doorRead MoreA P, By John Updike1019 Words   |  5 Pagespsychoanalytical lens can be used to analyze AP, a short story by John Updike, lone, a piece of art by John William Godward, and â€Å"To My Best Friend - Short Film†. Throu gh this lens, readers can draw the theme that all humans have basic instincts and urges that lie in the unconscious mind. Throughout Updike’s AP, it stands clear that we are always being influenced by fundamental human desires. AP is told from the perspective of Sammy, a teenage cashier at AP. In the beginning of the story, three teenageRead MoreA P By John Updike843 Words   |  4 Pageshelp establish the uniqueness of his or her use of speech through the story’s title, structure, punctuation, setting and the communication between characters. In the story A P by John Updike, the author sets the story in a very ordinary place where everyday people go shopping for their groceries, in a market known as A P. Updike’s style within the story shows many aspects of ordinary life. For example, in the first sentence of the story, the narrator Sammy uses incorrectly the word walks, â€Å"InRead MoreA P By John Updike1441 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is considered one of the greatest writers in modern American history. He is known for the idea that seemingly ordinary aspects of American life are actually quite fascinating. He wanted readers to see the beauty and magic of life, so he tried to describe everyday things using the most clear but beautiful language possible. Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead MoreA P By John Updike765 Words   |   4 PagesJohn Updike wrote, â€Å"A P† in 1961. In this era of the 1950s and early 1960s, conservative dress mirrored conservative social values. Conformity was the measure of popularity as well as a measure of moral rightness. During this time, people were more afraid of being labeled outsiders than they were afraid of the outsiders themselves (â€Å"A P†). Gender issues and the emergence of feminist consciousness are represented when Lengel states the rules that proclaim the girls are decently dressed-codingRead MoreAP by John Updike512 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"AP† by John Updike is a story about a boy who learns that all actions have consequences. In â€Å"AP† three girls walk in to the store AP in nothing but their bathing suits. Sammy one of the stores cashiers describes what the girls are wearing and what they do throughout the story. The girls walk up and down the aisles catching the attention of many of the other customers. The girls then get in line at Sammy’s checkout, the manager Lengel walks up and tells the girls they will have to leave thisRead MoreA P By John Updike1033 Words   |  5 Pageshow we face these decisions will have an impact in our lives, and sometimes the ones that seem to be small are the most important ones. John Updike understood how making decision affects people’s life, and he develops it in his short story â€Å"A P,† which is the story of an unhappy boy who quits his job for a pretty girl. In order to develop this theme, John Updike takes Sammy, the main charac ter of the story, through three different stages. In the beginning stage, Sammy is just a boy who is not happyRead MoreA P By John Updike914 Words   |  4 Pages Living in California we see women in swimsuits quite often, maybe too often. Still we have those people that find the need to objectify women, even the ones they have seen many times. Although that is what Sammy does in John Updike’s â€Å"AP†. The way â€Å"AP† depicts the young girls is objectifying: from how the main character describes the young women, how he disrespects the older lady he was checking out, the manager kicking the girls out of the store because of what they are wearing, and how the girls

Things You Should Know About Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics

Things You Should Know About Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics With their help it is possible to decide what things to write about, learn the most frequent structure of the paper and understand what topics are definitely the most popular right now. Deciding upon the correct topic may be a true problem, but we are here in order to get you inspired. Selecting the subject of your essay provides you with an advantage in the feeling that you are able to write about something you're passionate ambitious. Since the content of narratives essay can vary when it has to do with distinct institutions, we've resolved to supply you with examples in the event you face an issue. Narrative papers should contain information that's dependable and valid such that in the event of any clarification, the reader should discover the specific data in the sources. A narrative essay is permissive in terms of selecting the topic. A personal narrative essay is just one of the greatest tools to stop social issues which are often disregarded. Get the Scoop on Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Before You're Too Late Although narrative essays are normally open to each audience, every writer always has some sort of audience in mind. Narratives are geared toward telling about yourself. A narrative mostly employs the very first person narration. For instance, an essay on the very first topic can tell your private story. However, it may also be based on your imagination. Clearly depict the storyline you need to follow. Bear in mind a topic can help determine the result of a narrative. The story ought to have a particular flow that is logical. It's crucial to have a peek at the paper when you are in possession of a fresh mind, and you've stayed away from paper for a short time. A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at aiding you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner they can see, feel, or hear what it is that you are referring to. The primary aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. Becoming creative and descriptive can occasionally be a challenge. Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Like every assignment, a descriptive essay has a certain purpose. Writing descriptive essay students need to be more personal and u se their imagination to the complete extent. Make sure to follow along with the directions supplied by your teacher, and when you're short of ideas on what things to write in your descriptive paper, the above mentioned essay descriptive topics are perfect to select from. The skill of making an essay compelling and persuasive will not merely include writing that is straightforward. With essay services which are writing the majority of the resources had a need to create a paper exemplary are readily available. When you want narrative papers which will let you get much better grades, make certain that you buy your papers from companies that has qualified essay writers. The sort of essays can be challenging and time-consuming, and is the main reason why most students decide to find descriptive essay writing help from online platforms. There are various essay writing style which students have to use while writing narrative papers. What to Do About Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Before You Miss Your Chance A descriptive essay is an essay that's bound to offer some type of detailed info on a specific subject. If you wish to create a descriptive essay about your own personal experience, it could possibly be unusual and specific. Utilize our descriptive essay topics list to get the topic you enjoy. Picking the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. In the event you were assigned with a descriptive essay, you are most likely puzzled where to begin. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. When you've chosen a narrative subject, you're prepared to get started writing your essay! Before writing, you've got to understand the subject of your essay! Narrative and Descriptive essay are two different sorts of essay writing, where a crystal clear difference between them may be highlighted with regard to the writer's objective in compiling the essay. Narrative essays serve a wide range of purposes. The excellent narrative essay demands enough moment. Narrative essays and descriptive essays aren't necessarily at odds with each other.

The Mortality and Morbidity Risk due to Heat Waves

Question: What is the risk of morbidity and mortality in the City of Perth due to Heat Waves? Answer: Introduction The combined effects of climate change, rising global temperatures and urbanization have all contributed to an increase in the number of warm nights as well as more regular and longer heat wave durations. As a consequence, the impact that climate change on Australias populations health has gained increased concerns ('Center for Climate and Energy Solutions', 2017). In recent times, populations have suffered serious health, social, and economic effects in Europe, south East Australia, and the USA, especially in urban areas. This is because urban areas have the issue of buildings that affect the natural micro environment and can act as heat traps during a heat wave. Such events have a multiplier effect, impacting emergency response systems, management of health risk, and infrastructure such as power supply systems (Russo, Sillmann, Fischer, 2015), (Lemonsu, Vigui, Daniel, Masson, 2015). It is widely known that exposure to extreme temperatures significantly impact human health, and in extreme cases, may result in fatality. An example is when over 70 thousand deaths were attributed to the heat wave of 2003 across Europe. Research shows that the relationship between mortality and temperature is usually not linear; further, the highest mortality is usually not achieved on the same day when peak temperatures are reached. This paper discusses the risk of morbidity and mortality in the City of Perth, Australia, by formulating a research question and then providing an answer, basing the discussion on geospatial data for the City of Perth, Australia obtained from AURIN combined with other sources such as the ABS. Risk of morbidity and mortalit The City of Perth is located within the greater Perth metropolitan area; the Perth Metropolitan Area is the capital of the Western Australia. The City of Perth is located on latitude 31.951o S and Longitude 115.818o East with an elevation of 42 meters. Australia has suffered more heat wave deaths than all other natural causes combined and with the effects of climate change, the duration, frequency, and intensity of heat waves are expected to increase. Apart from causing heat stroke and heat exhaustion, exposure to heat can also exacerbate preexisting medical conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Different people also have different vulnerabilities to heat exposure, with older adults (above 65), outdoor laborers, children, geographically isolated persons, different races and ethnicities( especially those having low Socio Economic Status) are at an increased risk. The impact of heat and heat waves is likely to be multiplied due to amplification of existing risks relating to heat exposure, including buildings and the materials used for the buildings. Buildings, despite being designed to provide shelter, are associated with other hazards such as extreme temperatures and poor air. The density of urban areas has an impact on heat wave effects; high densities coupled with a high urban heat island (UHI) will increase the heat load urban populations experience. During adverse weather conditions, people are more likely to spend most times indoors and research shows that multi dwelling structures are more vulnerable to higher mortality rates during heat waves, using data from the 2003 heat wave in France (Erdman, 2015). Research also shows that urban areas have a higher risk of death than rural areas during heat waves (Gabriel, Endlicher, 2011). The image below shows the aerial view of the city of Perth showing the urban areas and the green (tree) cover for the City; Source: AURIN The City of Perth has a population of 21 092 (for the municipality) spread around the suburbs of Perth, Crawley, East Perth, West Perth, Nedlands, Northbridge, and Subiaco. Source; ABS The factors that are likely to impact mortality and morbidity due to extreme temperatures (hot ) are summarized in the table below, Number Factor 1 Age 2 Accessibility/ remoteness 3 Socio economic index 4 Gender Past studies have shown that the older the person, the greater the impact and effects of heat and heat waves; a 10 oC increase in the maximum temperatures was associated with a 9.8% increase in daily mortality rates (Williams et al., 2012) . The figure below shows historical data showing the relationship between heat and the factors (variables) that affect the effects of heat waves Below is a heat map of Australia taking an average of ten years from 2006; it shows that Perth and Western Australia has on average experienced the highest rise in average temperatures, which makes the region of Perth City a highly risky area during a heat wave. During heat waves, a number of facilities are affected, including power supply systems that in turn interfere with air conditioning services, creating heat traps. The use of glass and having multi story buildings further exacerbate the problem as urban heat islands are created and the buildings act as heat traps. The risk index for morbidity and mortality for the city of Perth therefore is highest in the high density building areas around central Perth and where there are multiple story buildings as the below heat map indicates, the darker the color, the greater the risk of morbidity or mortality from a heat wave in the City of Perth. As the images above show, planers and emergency personnel should develop emergency systems as well as other ways of mitigating the effects of heat waves by concentrating on areas with a higher density of multi-story buildings which act as heat traps, have the lowest tree canopy cover, and experience elevated temperatures that exceed the 30 oC threshold for continued periods. Central Perth City has glass sided tall skyscrapers that rely on air conditioning to keep people inside cool; however, these can become huge heat traps; if there was power failure due to a heat wave; for instance, the buildings will become heat traps and can cause mortality and other adverse health effects, apart from being extremely uncomfortable. The heat map shows that the central regions of Melbourne experience greater warmth, making them UHIs and this is mainly because of human activity of tall buildings made of glass. Glass also reflects away some heat to surrounding buildings; these exacerbate the heat wav es as they create heat traps References 'Australian Bureau of Statistics',. (2017). Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2012-13. Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/AC53A071B4B231A6CA257CAE000ECCE5?OpenDocument 'Center for CLimate and Energy Solutions',. (2017). Extreme Heat and Climate Change | Center forClimate and Energy Solutions. C2es.org. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://www.c2es.org/science-impacts/extreme-weather/extreme-heat Erdman, J. (2015). Heat Records Shattered in Germany, France, The Netherlands in June/July 2015 Europe Heat Wave. The Weather Channel. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://weather.com/forecast/news/europe-heat-wave-record-highs-june-july-2015 Gabriel, K., Endlicher, W. (2011). Urban and rural mortality rates during heat waves in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. Environmental Pollution, 159(8-9), 2044-2050. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.016 Lemonsu, A., Vigui, V., Daniel, M., Masson, V. (2015). Vulnerability to heat waves: Impact of urban expansion scenarios on urban heat island and heat stress in Paris (France). Urban Climate, 14, 586-605. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.10.007 Russo, S., Sillmann, J., Fischer, E. (2015). Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades. IOP. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003/meta Williams, S., Nitschke, M., Weinstein, P., Pisaniello, D., Parton, K. and Bi, P. (2012). The impact of summer temperatures and heatwaves on mortality and morbidity in Perth, Australia 19942008. Environment International, [online] 40, pp.33-38. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221780781_The_impact_of_summer_temperatures_and_heatwaves_on_mortality_and_morbidity_in_Perth_Australia_1994-2008.

Chinese Work Culture

China being the most populous nation in the world with a population of about 1.3 billion people grouped into fifty six distinct ethnic groups, covering most of East Asia has a very diverse culture making it be appreciated by other civilizations in the world as one of the oldest and consistent. These aspects are what define a complex culture which greatly varies in provinces, cities and towns in China.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Chinese Work Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chinese culture has been in development since the Xia Dynasty (CA. 2100-CA – 1600 BC) to modern China which began in the early 1900s, and has seen constant changes due to the diversity of the Chinese who consist of two groups; the Han Chinese, who are the majority and the national minorities1. Communist and Maoist ideologies that emerged in the 20th century, assimilated and embraced by the changing Chinese culture are impor tant to establish the basis of how the Chinese culture has evolved from hundreds of years ago to a modern culture. Distinctly, the Chinese culture is defined by five major elements of ancient practices and traditions, which form the core of the society and beliefs in modern china, which are, food, clothing, housing, transportation and education. Food in China is traditionally believed to have medicinal value, thus the use of plants such as garlic, tree fungus, scallions, fresh ginger, dried lily buds and much more herbs in almost all their cooking. Scholar Yi Yin (early Shang dynasty) stressed the need for better health, and nutrition a major principle in preparation of food in Chinese culture. Also in Chinese culture, there are two styles of cooking, the Southern and Northern styles. Southern Chinese cooking style is characterized by the Hunan and Szechwan cuisines; abundant use of chilies is what makes these cuisines famous. Importance is given equally to aroma, flavor and color i n cooking of each dish. Northern style cooking is mostly oily, and they are inclined to having vinegar and garlic flavors more profound, with areas of Tientsin, Peking and Shantung being the most recognized for northern style cooking2. Chinese culture dictates that one has to be seated while eating and seating arrangements follow a set down order of who will sit down first from men, to women, then the old and lastly the young. Chinese prefer darker over lighter colors. And correlate specific seasons with specific colors black is related to winter, white associated with autumn and red associated with summer. The clothing the Chinese wear can be described as having three major types depending on function or occasion e.g. a tunic that extends to the knees and is a ceremonial two piece costume called a pien-fu, a skirt like long robe that goes all the way to the ankles called ch’ang-p’ao and lastly shen-I.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Chinese are not a deeply religious people, and Chinese cultural religious outlook consists of a mix of practices and beliefs due to the diversity of their ethnicity. Religion in China is majorly made up of four main traditions: Taoism, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism, and Confucianism and rarely does one practice only one with the exclusion of the others. Emergence of Taoism was perceived as a rival to Confucianism whose teachings were mainly related to society and the government. Taoism (Daoism) spoke of upholding the virtue of Wu Wei (non-action) and instead letting things fall into place, while Confucians on the other hand stressed on ethical action. Before the advent of Buddhism, a foreign religion to what the Chinese were used to, Confucianism disappeared but the hold it had on people, on the approach to society and government was still retained while the Taoist was transformed to developing ways of reaching immortality through meditation but later found itself competing with the more modern teachings of Buddhism. Buddhism became the most dynamic of all religions in Chinese culture and almost replaced Taoism and Confucianism due to its huge success among the peasants. Officials, who were afraid of losing their grip on power over the peasants, which was enshrined in both Taoism and Confucianism, hampered its activities greatly. It later had to work along with the two previous religions Taoism and Confucianism3. Buddhism teachings were more of a radical dualism focusing on enlightenment and salvation through grace unlike Confucianism and Taoism which stressed on non-duality. Political China is characterized by a single party socialist system with ideologies borrowed very heavily from communist states such as the former Soviet Union now Russia. The sole political party which is the Communist Party of China (CPC) was formed in 1921 by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, but before this the Kuomintang was the first political party in China but it later moved to Taiwan in 1949. It was formed as a result of a union of a number of revolutionary groups. China is mainly governed by a single party which borrows heavily from the communist type of structure from Russia. The Chinese follow the teachings and doctrines of Mao Zedong whose contributions to Leninism and Marxism led him to be highly regarded in China. The fundamental system of governance in China, socialism, advocates for public and common ownership and allocation of resources to all irrespective of status.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Chinese Work Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There have been key events in Chinese culture history that have had profound impact on shaping it to what it is now. First was the Declaration by Mao Zedong of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949 and his subsequent trip to Russia to neg otiate a treaty with Stalin. Second, the signing of the Sino-Soviet treaty in February of 1950, these two events had great impact as china finally became a republic moving away from the imperialistic form of government that had been in place for decades. Other key events that helped shape modern Chinese culture were the death of Hu Yaobang on April 15, 1989 and the subsequent Tiananmen Square demonstrations of June 3, 1989 by Chinese students who felt let down by the government. The students were calling for press freedom, political reforms, political and social change and an end to corruption. These two incidents really took their toll on the government as ties with the soviet were also deteriorating.4 Management system-case study: Spain Management systems in Spain stresses on all personnel having very distinctive roles in the organization. This is characterized by its focus on rules, a hierarchical structure, delegation of duties, a structure of authority, and lifelong career comm itments for its workers5. A lot of emphasis is put on how you present yourself as this is very important in passing on information in a context where verbal communication is very minimal and emphasis is more on non-verbal (body language), for instance direct eye contact, firm handshakes, proper grooming. Your mode of dressing and respect for fellow colleagues, employers and business associates is very necessary and one has to have understood the formality level required in business undertakings within an organization. The Spanish manager is required to have good personal attributes such as courage, honor, trust and acceptance of importance of leadership, and not just technical competence and brilliance. Understanding the management style and its operations is very important as it determines success in achieving the organization’s set down goals and objectives. Managers in Spain are believed by their subordinates to be more knowledgeable and experienced6. They tend to have a m ore paternalistic approach towards their juniors which sometimes goes against professional guidelines unlike the British who are non emotive and have dry and emotionless comments. This peculiarity in personnel leads to a relationship oriented, fluid time culture where deadlines are flexible and are usually set in advance. This is due to the fact that one doesn’t want to upset his associates due to certain set deadlines not being met. Spanish management style characterized by, decisions being made at the top and trickle down to the juniors but room created for consultations despite the boss having the final word on organizational matters, it is important as resultant synergies are formed.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Spanish management systems stress much importance on personal character therefore the Spanish manager will take time to learn and get to know their business associates. Working or relating with someone of the same rank is given much thought and importance as the hierarchical mode of management and rank take center stage in Spanish management world. Spain is not quite up to performance contracting, these types of contracts are still in development stages. Despite this the government is encouraging mangers to take up this as a new and innovative form of management so as to maximize on efficiency and output within organizations. The organizational environment in Spain is not quiet tolerant to risk and managerial change thus a lot of sensitivity is needed when handling business associates. The Spanish manager lives in constant fear of failure and embarrassment. Lack of skills to comply with set down procedures rather than being controlled by results and scarcity of resources hampers eff ective implementation and managing of performance contacts and agreements. Performance contracts are restricted to specific areas and approach to how they are implemented is usually bureaucratic. Excessive information asymmetries are also a huge barrier to implementing performance contracts fully. Although there have been instances where hierarchical management systems are termed as outdated it seems to work well in this setting. Spanish managers are comfortable with this mode of structure as it defines each person’s specific roles and duties within the organization. A hierarchical structure ensures a complete control of the organization. The hierarchical mode of management focuses on creating a flexible and receptive working environment so as to ensure maximum output and participation from their workers. It also strives to put in place a great management team that are good communicators and have the ability to harness the best from their teams. The Spanish manager in this ty pe of structure is expected to lead by example as his subordinates look up to him to guide them and he is seen to be in that top position because of vast knowledge and experience. Active participation is paramount from both the management and the employees. This led to the emergence of consultations between the two groups, even though final decisions still remain with the person at the top of the hierarchy. Workers feel that they also have a voice in the making of decisions of an organization and this helps curb cases of labour strikes and protests. It is important to note that management was completely authoritarian not long ago and this led to confrontations between employees and employers. This can also be said of the most of Europe during the industrial revolution in the early 1800s, where workers began to be enlightened on their rights and what was expected of both them and their employers. This led to constant strikes by workers which paralyzed production of goods and services and sometimes were violent. Authority was solely based at the top and there were no consultations. The change in political dynamics in the country had a profound impact on the management style which had to both evolve and be able to offer solutions to workers’ plight or become redundant. Thus it moved from authoritarian to a hierarchical system with the boss expected to manage his juniors, harness and put together the positive aspects of members of his group, while subordinates are expected to respect the management. Thus the approach used by management in Spain to listen to its workers despite having final word on issues.7 Conclusion Evolvement of management in relation to Chinese culture Management has evolved and gone through a radical transformation just like Chinese culture. Major principles from the Confucian religion of china emphasizing relationships, teamwork and strong corporate cultures have been used to highlight the redefining of modern management and are gainin g much popularity among modern day managers. Just like Chinese culture, management has changed from full authoritarian (in late nineteenth century after the industrial revolution) where no questions asked, to a consultation based framework of arriving at decisions. This can be distinctively compared to the prior imperial Chinese dynasties and kingdoms that shaped and paved way for modern Chinese culture8. Modern managers are constantly focusing their attention in understanding Asian based culture and religion in an attempt to mould management methods on Asian philosophies. Another connection between Chinese culture and management evolution is the increased volume of trade and direct foreign investment between the west and east. This has led managers to seek ways of understanding the Chinese culture and borrowing from it in order to try and fill the cultural gap. The Chinese culture’s ability to undergo changes and adapt to different environments over such a long period of tim e and still remain one of the world’s leading cultures, makes the west want to understand the Chinese mindset. Presence of great thinkers in both Chinese culture and evolution of management has helped shape both entities to what they are in the modern world today. Modern management focuses on characteristics such as individual behaviors and values, leadership style and skills, and interpersonal relations within an organization; all these are connected to Confucian principles that modeled much of Chinese culture. The continuous growth of Chinese economy can be attributed solely to the Confucian culture which is viewed like constructive influence over Chinese management style and growth. Management and especially western managers will benefit by embracing the Confucian principles and becoming more of Confucian in their attitude due to the fact that Chinese culture powered by deep historical and cultural roots and identities is bound to be here in the probable future Another poi nt to note in modern day management is commitment to excellence, emphasis on trust, reliability and loyalty within the work place, which can also be connected to the Confucian commerce based working ethic. The Chun Tzu and Shih concepts are the bases for individual and interpersonal skills/ behaviors stressing on moral excellence and good faith. Modern management uses teamwork and communication as an advantage in achieving goals while traditional management focused its energies on planning, administration organizing and total control over the work process. Just as Chinese culture evolved from ca. 2100-ca. 1600 BC to its modern form, management has undergone changes that were necessary for it to be able to address issues that affect both workers and employers today. With gradual change of management, emphasis is now focused on consistency and efficiency. Although modern management systems may have its drawbacks such as rigidity and its slow approach, it focuses on the whole organizat ion’s output. Bibliography Chang , TH, China during the cultural revolution, Issue 3, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT, 1999. Chien-nung Li, Li, J, TÃ ªng S Ingalls, J, The political history of China, Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA , 1956. Holley, WH, Jennings, MK Wolters, RS, The Labor Relations Process, 9, Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT, 2008. Hutchings, G, Modern China: A Guide to a Century of Change, illustrated, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 2003. John, N. Intercultural management, Kogan Page Publishers, Pentonville Rd, London , 2003. Williams , JA, Politics in China: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2010. Needle, D, Business in Context, 5, CENGAGE Learning, Boston, MA, 2010. Steers, M,R, Sanchez-Runde, J, C Nardon, L, Management Across Cultures: Challenges and Strategies ,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,2010. Footnotes 1 Chien-nung, L. TÃ ªng, J. Ingalls, J. The political history of China, Stanford Univers ity Press, Palo Alto, CA , 1956, p. 69. 2 Hutchings, G. Modern China: A Guide to a Century of Change, illustrated, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 2003, p. 125. 3 Chang, T. China during the cultural revolution, Issue 3, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT, 1999, p. 98. 4 Steers, M. Sanchez-Runde, J. Nardon, L. Management Across Cultures: Challenges and Strategies ,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,2010. 5 Williams, J. Politics in China: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2010, p. 287. 6 Needle, D. Business in Context, 5, CENGAGE Learning, Boston, MA, 2010, p. 203. 7 John, N. Intercultural management, Kogan Page Publishers, Pentonville Rd, London , 2003. 8 Holley, W. Jennings, M. K. Wolters, R. The Labor Relations Process, 9, Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT, 2008, p. 103. This report on Chinese Work Culture was written and submitted by user Marc Shelton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Angela

â€Å"ADVICE TO ANGELA† According to the situation that Angela is going through I have good news to her. First of all, In Montgomery college we have tutors that help in any subject. If your lousy in math you can go to the math and science building to get some help. If you need to type something up you can go to the computer lab, it’s located in the resource center. If you have trouble because you work to many hours you can go see a counselor. Another thing I advice you to do is to make yourself a time management schedule . That is a schedule that will blot out what is not necessary in that day and do it another day in which you have more free time. There is time for everything but you need to focus on study time, resting time, and free time in your life. An important reason for doing this other tactic that I’m about to mention is not just being a nobody. Nobody understands you but yourself, given that you your self need to motivate upon your goals in life. Make a list of your goals and eac h time you want to quit think about those goals. Never take your self down with the situation because it’s nobody’s fault. You can not become the victim, make that bad occasion into something good . Yes you got a â€Å"D† in math but you can make that grade in to an â€Å"A† or a â€Å"B†. Always keep going on. You need a good self -esteem, a positive learning attitude. Your not a loser and your not a quitter nor a lone wolf. Get help if you need it think that in the long run whatever it is that you need to learn now will somehow help you along the way. Finally find out what are your learning styles. I mean whether you learn better by hearing or by seeing or by touching and expressing yourself. Once you learn how you manage learning you won’t so much have a hard time. Hope that my advice has helped for something.... Free Essays on Angela Free Essays on Angela â€Å"ADVICE TO ANGELA† According to the situation that Angela is going through I have good news to her. First of all, In Montgomery college we have tutors that help in any subject. If your lousy in math you can go to the math and science building to get some help. If you need to type something up you can go to the computer lab, it’s located in the resource center. If you have trouble because you work to many hours you can go see a counselor. Another thing I advice you to do is to make yourself a time management schedule . That is a schedule that will blot out what is not necessary in that day and do it another day in which you have more free time. There is time for everything but you need to focus on study time, resting time, and free time in your life. An important reason for doing this other tactic that I’m about to mention is not just being a nobody. Nobody understands you but yourself, given that you your self need to motivate upon your goals in life. Make a list of your goals and eac h time you want to quit think about those goals. Never take your self down with the situation because it’s nobody’s fault. You can not become the victim, make that bad occasion into something good . Yes you got a â€Å"D† in math but you can make that grade in to an â€Å"A† or a â€Å"B†. Always keep going on. You need a good self -esteem, a positive learning attitude. Your not a loser and your not a quitter nor a lone wolf. Get help if you need it think that in the long run whatever it is that you need to learn now will somehow help you along the way. Finally find out what are your learning styles. I mean whether you learn better by hearing or by seeing or by touching and expressing yourself. Once you learn how you manage learning you won’t so much have a hard time. Hope that my advice has helped for something....

Effective Performance of Prudential Securities and Bridgestone Case Study - 10

Effective Performance of Prudential Securities and Bridgestone Firestone Organizations - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that Prudential security is an investment bank that up to December 2000 had operated for 20 years. Its core business focused on both issuer and investor services to customers. However, because of stiff competition and poor strategy, the organization could not survive effectively in the industry and subsequently had to divest part of its product range. Its prospects failed ideally due to bad strategy and execution of its mandate in the financial sector that require explicit and dynamic decisions. This is keen on addressing business matters. As explained, the cooperation did not have strong and relevant synergies capable of building its effectiveness. Consequently, the bank also failed to offer other major services beyond issuers and investor services to clients who always expected extra services. In such an environment, the bank needed to adopt clear policies and differentiation tactics that would build its image in the entire industry and on clients. In the glo bal business arena gaining competitive superiority and growth is based on organizational key incentives that are invested to compel the idea. The decision to undertake any business venture has consistently not been considered flawed, even business scholars and successful managers assert that its execution is paramount. The bank clearly through its management failed to adequately practice strong cooperate fiduciary functions. This could have ensured proper integration of its services and management. Therefore, the business simply failed because of poor and inconsistent execution of vital business aspects that could have catalyzed its competitiveness. In the tire sector, earning business prestige as a prudent and effective product provider is paramount for sustainable performance especially in recent days when the sector is increasingly becoming more volatile. Consequently, any successful gains and performance are much dependent on product portfolio, accurate strategies and balanced r esource distribution to the respective business units.

Urinary system Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urinary system - Term Paper Example The urinary system is composed of many subunits, which may be better understood by studying the gross anatomy of the urinary system, the overall function and metabolic importance of the urinary system, and the complex unit formations and regulatory mechanisms that allow the kidney to function. A system is a group of organs, which correspondingly are made up of distinct tissue types. The six primary organs of the urinary system are the two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra (Saladin, 2007, p.896). The kidneys are symmetrical and these two organs, lying against the back of the abdominal wall in what is known as the dorsal section, are by far the most complex organs of the urinary system (Saladin, 2007, p.897). The kidneys weight about 160 grams in a healthy adult, and are generally about 10 cm long by 5 cm wide by 2.5 cm thick and roughly ‘C’ shaped, as seen in Figure 1 (Saladin, 2007, p.898). These organs are ultimately responsible for the important job of interacting with the circulatory system to remove harmful wastes from the body and to maintain appropriate water and salt levels in the blood. The kidney itself is protected by three layers of connective tissues called the renal fascia, which holds the kidney against the wall of the abdomen, the adipose capsule, a layer of fat that cushions the kidney and protects it from harm during normal movements of the body, and the renal capsule, the innermost layer that wraps the kidney tightly. This layer acts much like clear plastic wrap on perishable food items, protecting it from both trauma and infection from bacteria and other organisms that might cause dangerous infection (Saladin, 2007, p.898). The tissue of the kidney itself is called the parenchyma, which surrounds the renal sinus, or the empty area where urine collecting structures, blood, and lymphatic vessels are housed within the kidney. The

Regional Security Complex Theory

Regional Security Complex Theory This chapter will provide an in-depth look at a range of theoretical approaches to the concept of energy security. It is expected by examining several theoretical approaches we will be able to determine a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes energy security. A range of academic approaches exist which can be utilised in order to understand the origins, prerequisites, and consequences of any given type of security. Throughout this chapter we will be taking the concept of energy security and firstly examining approaches to understanding it as part the existing theoretical framework. Secondly, efforts will be made to comprehend the securitization of energy as a part of broader and more contemporary political architecture. The scope of this literature review will extend to the work of founding theorists, as well as contemporary literature, journals, and reviews. 2.1 Understanding Security Since the eventful oil disruptions of the 1970s, energy security has slowly but surely assimilated itself into the key debates of IR theory (Bohi and Toman, 1996: 32). Energy security discourses are varied and volatile at the best of times. If we are to comprehend energy security, we must first have a clear understanding of how security can be approached and conceptualized. Is it a response to threat or a strategy to evade threat? Or perhaps neither? Security is a both a highly contended and heavily debated concept. Owing to its inherently multifaceted premise, it is rare now for a political article not to refer to security in some form or another (Neocleous, 2000: 11). Irony lies in the fact that our present inability to define security has, as a result, caused the international society and our interpretation of it to be less secure as a whole (Booth Wheeler: 2007: 94). What is exceedingly clear, however, is that our understanding of security and what it entails has moved well beyo nd the claim that security studies should focus only on the threat, use and control of military force (Nye and Lynn-Jones in Walt, 1991: 212). It is interesting that our understanding of security has only relatively recently been contested. We can classify security either as defensive (a response to a threat) or offensive (interaction with other actors for state gain) (Grafstein, 2002: 139-165). Traditional thinkers have conventionally classified security primarily as a defensive mechanism (i.e. power measured by war and military strength). Kenneth Waltz built further on this assumption in his book, Theory of International Politics. By suggesting that, in an anarchic international system, the incentive of every state is to put itself in a position to be able to take care of itself since no one else can be counted onto do so, he suggests security will remain an inherently defensive mechanism. Barry Buzan, on the other hand, took this further and attempted to dissect this highly complex term by questioning the very legitimacy of security itself (1997: 5-21). Buzan, Ole Wà ¦ver, and Jaap de Wilde form the foundations of the C openhagen School of security studies, which focuses on the process of securitization, regional security complexes, and sectoral security. This has conversely been criticized by those of the Critical Security Studies school of thought, which itself is set in contrast to the assumptions of neo-realism and realism. As such, we can see how security has undergone and will continue to undergo analytical re-evaluation thanks to recurrent contestation of this concept within the field of IR. As a result of this unremitting confrontation, the scope for what constitutes security has broadened significantly and developed into a dynamic yet still unbalanced concept. Thus, how might we define begin to security, and at what point does a states action, agenda or thinking become a security concern? It is useful here to refer to Buzan et al.s definition of security: It is when an issue is presented as posing an existential threat to a designated referent object (traditionally, but not necessarily the state, incorporating government, territory, and society). The special nature of security threats justifies the use of extraordinary measures to handle them (1998: 21). Conceptualizing security as such posits that if a concern is deemed to be a security issue, it must be presented to and subsequently accepted by an audience: indeed, Buzan, Wà ¦ver and de Wilde further clarify that securitization is not decided by the securitizer but by the audience (1998: 31). In adopting their understanding of securitization as a speech act, we can see how this process creates rights, obligations and responsibilities which are decided not by the securitizer but by an audience (Buzan  et al. 1998: 25-31). Taking this approach, we can apply this framework in understanding why the need to find, secure and diversify energy supplies has been construed as a leading security concern for many states. As Luft and Korin note, energy security is very much in the eyes of the beholder (2009: 1). By having a succinct critical framework for analysis, we are better able to understand the actions, reactions, and needs of states who consider their energy security to be threatened. What follows is a range of theoretical and analytical approaches for conceptualizing energy security. 2.2 A Realist Scope No IR theory accentuates the position of security more than realism, yet there is rarely a critical analysis by realists to explain what security actually means (Baldwin, 1997: 21). The presence of realism simply cannot be ignored when trying to frame the concept of energy security, and although it fails to address some of the key reasons as to why energy is a contemporary security concern, it is nonetheless a theoretical standpoint which has been synonymous with mid-twentieth century security studies (Baldwin, 1997: 9). Sustained by centuries of progressive and traditional thought, the realist stance is backed by great intellectual contributions from Rousseau, Thucydides, Hobbes and Machiavelli to name but a few (Deudney, 2011: 18). Realism is not a single theory, but a cluster of progressive theories with shared core values: Realism focuses on power struggle, national interests, competition between states, and conflict over resources. To realists, international politics is characterised by a zero-sum game: one sides gain is the other sides loss. Therefore, relations between states can only produce competition and conflicts (Bathily, 2009: 185). Realism is a state-centric theory, the classical premise of which declares that the international system is anarchic and within this system states strive for survival and cannot rely upon other states, since every state has the potential to harm through use of military force (Mearsheimer: 1994/95: 9-10). Hans Morgenthaus contributions to the realist paradigm discuss the inherently flawed nature of humans, suggesting that our innate selfishness and desire for power leaves no room for moral principles when understanding the behaviour of states (Morgenthau in Donnelly, 2000: 15-16). Donnelly further emphasises that, realism emphasizes the constraints on politics imposed by human nature (2000: 9), demonstrating that if energy security is accepted as a realist security concern, states will strive for survival by resolving this issue without concern for moral or human principles. Kenneth Waltzs development of structural realism (also referred to as neo-realism) explains the international system by identifying a central and anarchic state, then subsequently relating this object to the interaction between constituent elements of the system (e.g. states in search of survival). These components are further characterised by the balance and distribution of power; in this context, their capability and proficiency in terms of seeking survival and energy security (Waltz in Booth, 2001: 5). The fundamental approaches to energy security under Waltzs structural realism are summarised by Luft and Korin as follows: 1) States are inherently predisposed to egotism, and will therefore pursue hegemony through use of whatever powers they may possess. 2) Structural realists stress that energy commodities have historically held value beyond simply that of commercial pricing they emphasise how resources have repeatedly been used strategically as means of directing foreign policy and asserting dominance. 3) Although realists will take into account the influence of mutual cooperation and independent institutions, they also maintain that culture, history, and economic tendencies and trends do play a crucial role and cannot be ignored when understanding energy security needs and concerns (2009: 340). Approaching energy security in such a manner allows us to see why states might prioritise energy security over other concerns; however the realist paradigm has always prioritised military security in their understanding of security as a whole. Engaging with strands of realist though explains why self-interest of states and the struggle for dominance is an occurring theme in the international system, but the critical flaws of Waltzs structural realism lie in the fact that he largely discounts the importance of geography and geographical regions, while also paying little attention to technology as an influential shaping force (Deudney, 2011: 29-30). When endeavouring to find a position for energy security in a theoretical framework, it is evident that realism does not offer a fully logical and explanatory approach to the concept. As mentioned earlier, Buzan (of the Copenhagen School of security studies) deems anarchy to be the key feature within the international system, and splits security concerns into 5 categories (political, military, societal, economic, environmental); energy security, however, is not explicitly identified within these categories (Buzan, 1991: 19). Although this categorization is evidently broadening the approach to security, a prominent weakness of the theory is its inability to account for the impact of other actors and structures on securitization, while giving too much attention to how international anarchy is constructed politically. The main critic of Buzans work is Bill McSweeney, who claims that the key flaw within Buzans work is his inability to break away from the neo-realist assertion that the state is always the main object for analysis (2004: 123). 2.3 A Liberal Understanding Liberalism and security are concepts which have in recent times both clashed and contradicted each other. Hyde-Price understands this to be a result of liberalism misunderstanding the nature of power (2007: 16). The core value of classical liberalism are neatly summed up into four components up by Kelly: All individuals are of equal and ultimate moral value. This individualism is ethical and not sociological or psychological. Equality of concern and respect is cashed out in terms of a set of basic rights, civil liberties and economic entitlements. These rights entail accompanying responsibilities and duties. Ethical individualism and equality of concern and respect does not entail moral scepticism about objective values. It is instead concerned with the moral limitation of coercion or political power (2004: 13). What can liberalism offer in terms of conceptualizing energy security? Bathily forms a coherent and persuasive argument for approaching it from a liberal perspective. They assert that liberalism in fact challenges the very notion of security in any form and suggest that the realist egocentrism, struggle for survival and innate fear of external threat could be substituted by a so-called liberal logic, wherein states maximise absolute gains and generally prioritise economic development over that of political. In doing this, they predict that traditional elements of security will become sidelined and therefore the security agendas will eventually become redundant. Liberals view naturally occurring resources such as oil to be strategically unimportant, given the frequent rate of discovery around the world. This consequently turns oil from an economic fortune to an ordinary commodity. They further believe that resource management is not the responsibility or the right of the governing bod y, and that management should be decentralized and democratised to multiple, non-governmental actors (2009: 183-184). In some ways, the liberal take on energy security is a valid and applicable one. It explains why actors controlling the resource industry have freedom and independence from government decree which is true in many states and explains why the need for peaceful cooperation and mutual reliance is present in the international system today. What is fails to address, however, is the rising concern for resources in resource poor nations, which in turn has caused political instability, egocentric policy making, and the rise of resource nationalism (this will be examined further on). When trying to understand energy security, liberalism places too much emphasis on the importance of moral human nature in relation to political and resource-based relations, and does not provide enough focus on the importance of geographic, economic, regional and political involvement. 2.4 Energy Security and the Regional Security Complex Theory Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) offers a somewhat more contemporary and relevant approach to conceptualizing energy security. The founding academic linked to this particular theory is Buzan, with further contributions from Wà ¦ver. A regional security complex has been defined as a group of states whose primary security concerns link together sufficiently closely that their national securities cannot realistically be considered apart from one another (Buzan, 1991: 190). It is argued by Buzan and Wà ¦ver that the security complexes of states depend primarily on the pressures deriving from geographic proximity, and the interplay between the anarchic structure and how balances of power play out in the system. They view the world as regional clusters, whereby security complexes are magnified within these clusters (2003: 45-46). Buzan and Wà ¦ver further clarify the central ideas of RSCT as follows: The central idea in RSCT is that, since most threats travel more easily over short distances than long ones, security interdependence is normally into regionally based clusters: security complexes. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Process of securitization and thus the degree of security interdependence are more intense between actors inside such complexes than they are between actors inside the complex and outside of it (2003: 4) Here, it is supposed that both mutual and rival interests can contribute towards the formation of such a region, and in this case, ensuring energy security would be one of those interests. A major benefit of RSCT is that it allows analysts to confront common conceptions and thus discuss security concerns between members of a given security complex this dispels the overly generic assumptions of liberalism and realism, and suggests that the concept of energy security can be analysed and approached by varying methods, but all within the scope of RSCT. Furthermore, applying Buzans theory gives an explanation as to why security concerns vocalized by one state are frequently echoed around neighbouring states with a relatively short time frame (Sheehan, 2005: 49-50). The strengths of RSCT also lie in its ability to be adaptable and logical RSCT, unlike the traditional theoretical approaches, does not rely on sweeping generalization of defining concept such as human nature. RSCT confidentl y explains the occurrence of energy complexes and relations between two or more states within a region, and further demonstrates how energy has become securitized within a given geographical area (Buzan, Wà ¦ver and de Wilde, 1998: 31). To classify an energy security complex, however, it is necessary to understand the nature and level of energy dependencies through studying the energy profile of a given state: e.g. the extent of external dependence, diversification possibilities, trade levels, domestic supplies etc. This in itself highlights the problematic nature of RSCT if a state is said to have 100% dependency for, say, oil, this contributes to the securitization of energy. On the other hand, if oil only constitutes 10% of the states energy profile, this brings about an entirely different view. Therefore, in order to analyse energy security from this standpoint we must choose whether it is more beneficial to group together major energy sources, or to base our understanding upon aggregate energy reliance of a given state. Further to this, it is crucial to acknowledge that energy security also entails a need for supply security and demand security. In addition, dependence can be both positive and negative between two or more states. While RSCT presents a plausible and applicable framework in terms of understanding energy security, it is limited in that it does not address the interaction of states at a global level. With the possibility and indeed reality of constructing long energy export pipelines and transport energy by land and sea, we can see that energy (inter)dependence between states from different regions is both real and developing. Furthermore, it is undeniable that with the rise of globalization, the integration and transfer of knowledge, and the power of technology, energy security is not confined solely within regional complexes. 2.5 Critical Security Studies (CSS) Increasingly, IR theorists have been left searching for a concept to shed light on why structures and responses within the international society are increasingly determined by shared ideas rather than material forces, and that the identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these shared ideas rather than given in nature (Wendt, 1991: 1). In contract to the realist and neo-realist assumption that security is primarily defensive, traditional and in pursuit of hegemony, CSS significantly broadens the concept of security. It brings in the notion of instability-of-the-object within the international system, and conceptualizes security not as an absolute feature but as a constructed quality which is dependent on shared ideas rather than state-centric gain (McSweeney, 1991:1). CSS has already been subject to diversification since its appearance in the 1990s, but several key aspects characterize this school of thought. They are summarised by Vaughan-Williams below as foll ows: The focus of analysis within CSS is called the referent object this can be an actor, sector, or concept which requires securitization The broadening of security. This refers to the move away from narrow and traditional views of security defined in terms of military strength, and posits concerns within other sectors as security issue The normative approach suggests what must or ought to be secured and analysed. The derivative nature of security. This idea speculates that our methods of understanding the world have a profound effect on the way we approach and conceptualize security (2010: 4).

oTHELLO :: essays research papers

Othello Essay In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, the role of women is deeply emphasized; the significant characters of the play Othello, Iago, and Casio, each have a lady that stands behind him. These women each have commitment to remain faithful and respect their husband's needs, especially Desdemona and Emilia. Desdemona is the victim of this play; Shakespeare portrays her as the loyal wife even up to her death. Throughout the story, Desdemona appears to live for her husband. Desdemona's one goal in life is to please her husband. Emilia represents another aspect of female strength, less logical character, which relies on her sense of instinct. She understands her role as a wife (act 4, scene 3) Emilia is talking to Desdemona about husbands. " Yet we have some revenge. Let husbands know Their wives have sense like them. They see, and smell, and have their palates both for sweet and sour, As husbands have. What is it they do When they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is. And doth affection breed it? I think it doth. Is't fraility that thus errs? It is so too. And have not we affections, Desires for sport, and frailty, as men have?"(page 217 line 104-113). Emilia and her husband Iago have different affiliation than Desdemona and Othello. Desdemona and Othello truly love each other, while Emilia, having no common sense of hatred towards Othello, has never actually loved Iago. She educate Desdemona, she is ignorant of Iago's evil nature and is also unsuspecting of his plot against Othello. Bianca appears to have a very insignificant role in the play, yet she as a major role in the death of Desdemona. Bianca’s relationship with Cassio, seems as though Bianca really wanted to have a relationship with him, (scene 3, act 4).

Isllc Standard 2

Running Head: BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT YELLOW GROUP Understanding by Design: ISLLC Standard 2 Benchmark Assessment: Deborah D. Harris Grand Canyon University: EDA 534: Educational Administration Foundation and Framework September 12, 2012 Unwrapping the ISLLC Standards: Standard 2 Concepts and Skills T Chart What administrators â€Å"need to know† and â€Å"be able to do† Concepts (Nouns) – underline |Skills (Verbs) – highlight/circle | |â€Å"knowledge† |â€Å"admin will be able to do† | |List Concept (list specific knowledge of concept) |Record Skills |Level of Blooms | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Big Ideas/Enduring Understandings: Represent the main ideas, conclusions, or generalizations about the â€Å"unwrapped† concepts and skills in a focused instructional unit of study. Ask yourself: â€Å"What do is the big idea of the standard? What do I want my staff to remember long after they leave the room? | | | Essential Questions : What engaging questions will lead administrators to discover the â€Å"big ideas† of Standard 2? Essential questions should be written in an open-ended response and should match the rigor of the concepts and skills outlined within the standard. Essential Questions: | | | |Knowledge Indicators: What the school leader needs to know in order to promote the success of all students? | | | | | | | | | Disposition Indicators: Denotes an individual’s beliefs, values, and type of commitment that tend to be most effective in a school situation. | | | | | | | | Performance Indicators and Skills: What should an educational leader be able to do effectively to move a chose institution from the existing state of performance to the desire state of performance? | | | | | | | | References Wiggins, G. , & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design (2nd ed. ). Alexandria, VA: ASCD The Council of Chief State School Officers. Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium: Sta ndards for School Leaders (1996). Atherton J S (2011) Learning and Teaching; Bloom's taxonomy [On-line: UK] retrieved 5 September 2012 from http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/bloomtax. htm

Erik Erikson s Identity Development Essay - 1297 Words

Todd Anderson from DPS develops his identity in a very similar way as Erik Erikson’s identity development theory. Erik Erikson mentioned that identity formation is the most important developmental task during adolescence (Chen Wu, 2005). He identified eight psychosocial stages. His identity vs. role confusion stage of development for 12 to 20 years old indicates: Adolescent must move toward adulthood by making choices about values, vocational goals, etc. (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). There are four identity status: diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure and achievement which are Erikson’s conceptualization of identity development as a task involving exploration of carious possible positions in the world (Broderick Blewitt, 2015)In the film, Todd Anderson goes through all three of the four states which are diffusion, moratorium, and achievement as he develops his identity. Diffusion is the state that represents young adolescents as they deal with the identity development process (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). Adolescents in this state lack both exploration and commitment; they are not looking for any possible life choices (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). At the beginning of the film, Todd was in the diffusion state. He attends the first assembly meeting with parents but he shows no passion about anything that is mentioned during the meeting. He is very shy, and he is not able to hold a conversation with other people without feeling secured. He refuses Neil’s invitation to be partShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Identity Formation By Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Identity Development2352 Words   |  10 PagesCarter, Lauren Professor Christan Amundsen Psych 2314 12, April 2015 Adolescent Identity Formation Adolescence is defined as the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood typically beginning at age twelve and ending at age twenty. 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