Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange Market Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1047 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Did you like this example? Abu Dhabi Securities Market was established in 2000, the market has a legal personality and financial autonomy and administrative and supervisory and executive powers necessary for the exercise of his functions. Market aims to provide an opportunity to invest savings and funds in securities in the interest of the national economy and ensure the safety and accuracy of transactions and ensures interaction of the forces of supply and demand to determine prices and to protect investors and strengthen the foundations for proper handling and equitable and tighten controls on trading in securities to ensure the safety actions and procedures, and develop Awareness of the investment to ensure that savings are channeled to productive sectors, contributing to the achievement of financial and economic stability. https://www.adx.ae Economic functions  of the  Stock Exchange Stock exchange has a great impact on the economic level in the country. In thi s section we will mention some of the function of the stock exchange. Development saving: stock exchange encouraging the investment in the field of securities and savings are channeled to serve the national economy which is reflected most clearly in a state of small savers who do not have the little tags which cannot create separate projects and then prefer to buy securities a b t a financial measure of financial energy which helps to serve the purposes of economic development Assistance in funding: investment in stock exchange helps to transfer of funds from lenders to borrowers. The lenders are reducing the rate of consumer spending in the current time and saving part of it is willing to get higher incomes in the future when the time comes-term recovery of these loans. Contribute to the financing of development plans: in most time, the government may not have enough money to spend on the project, so the government will go to inform their stock to the public. Directing resources to areas most profitable: the bid and ask trading seeking to achieve high efficiency in directing resources to the citizens to industrial and commercial. To reach this level of efficiency, it should availability this objective: the prices efficiency, the quality of trade, equity markets, and security. Achieve equilibrator prices for securities: If the stock market based on a firm foundation and strong will determine the prices of securities traded in a realistic manner and on the basis of sufficient knowledge and a high degree of justice. The possibility of assessing companies and investment projects efficiently: by contribute to raising the awareness of investors and the horrible reality of companies and projects Provide transparency: The stock exchange requires companies whose securities are listed on the disclosure of all their data to investors, including in turn creates a state of transparency reflects the economic reality of the country and encourage more ca pital to invest in the country. Types of exchanges Since the stock market is a meeting place for sellers who are buyers who have the supply side demand side there are many types of exchanges, including: Employment exchange: The place where workers meet together and hold meetings to organize themselves and view the proposals for various services that could be offered by work Stock Exchange. Products exchange: It also called the trade exchange which a place Where they are sold the material and basic products such as cotton and sugar which are dealing in this market on basis of samples displayed different products , where products has sold several times and determined by the domestic and international prices. Stock value exchange: Transfer of ownership of these shares and bonds from hand to hand; it is the most famous type of stock exchange. These stocks and bonds are dealing through brokers and intermediaries. Currency exchange: Is one of the markets dealing in forei gn exchange and are located in all parts of the world, particularly in major centers such as New York and London, Paris and Tokyo, linked to these markets to each other through computer networks and telephone, fax and telex and other means of communication. Modus operandi  in the  stock market Stocks markets are generally operate on the basis of Bid and ask. There are no direct contacts between investors, the relationship between investors done by intermediaries or brokers. In this case each investor will have contract with the brokers, he will decide to buy or sell depended on the market price or the investor will determined the prices for broker, and the prices will affect by the numbers of ask and bid. The person concerned in the implementation of the brokerage company registration command, whether for sale or for purchase on the stock exchange and trading system as soon as verification of client balances of securities in the case of a sale of its assets or cash in case of purchase. Circulation  on the same day To buy and sell Securities at the same day to increase the profit in short time, which led to increase in the value and Volume of the trade. Also it protects the investor from the changing in the prices in the long time, but it has a risk for new investors who dont have enough experience in expecting of prices changes. Are dealing with  the Stock Exchange Investors will deal with two types of people when they are dealing with the stock exchange. Direct people: the investor will deal with the broker and financial advisor, the broker who is responsible for transaction of buying or selling the stock and financial advisor which could be a person or a company which specialize in financial advisor. In direct people: it mean that the investor who will buy the stock cant know from who will buy the stock ,also the investor who want to sell the stock ,he will not know to whom the stock will go. A l ist of the best traded stocks and bonds in the UAE ALDAR Properties DANADana Gas Sorouh Real Estate Company Etisalat METHAQMethaq Takaful Insurance Co WAHAWaha Capital RAKCCRas Al Khaimah Cement Company RAKPROPRAK Properties FGBFirst Gulf Bank GCICGreen Crescent Insurance Company ADIBAbu Dhabi Islamic Bank NBADNational Bank of Abu Dhabi REFRENCE Unknown Author.(n.d) Retrieved January r3,2011,from https://www.adx.ae/English/AboutADX/Pages/MarketEstablishment.aspx ) Hasan Hamdi, (2006) your way for stock and investment. frist editions. Damascus and Cairo, Arabic Book house. 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RIPA-G2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation - 1624 Words

Ross Information Processing Assessment – Geriatric: Second Edition (RIPA G:2) Diagnostic Test Critique General Information Ross-Swain, D., Fogle, P.T., (2012). Ross Information Processing Assessment-Geriatric. (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. No reference was given as to what revisions/changes occurred in the production of the RIPA-G:2 from its previous edition. Purpose of Test The purpose of the Ross Information Processing Assessment-Geriatric: Second Edition (RIPA-G:2) is to provide a comprehensive and norm-referenced cognitive-linguistic assessment instrument that is designed to identify, describe, and quantify cognitive-linguistic deficits in individuals ages 55 years and older. Test Composition The RIPA-G:2†¦show more content†¦Scoring For every subtest (except for part A of Subtest 6) each response is given a score of 3 when the response is correct, 2 when the response is partially correct, self-corrected, or correct but accompanied by irrelevant or tangential information, 1 when the response is an error, perseverated, or confabulated, or 0 when the response is denied or unintelligible, or no response is elicited. These scores are in conjunction with the diacritical notations so as to better describe the examinees performance. For Subtest 6 part A, the examiner should make a note of what strategies the examinee employs and tally the number of correct objects named. For this part of Subtest 6 the rubric follows the same 3-0 scale, however the criteria is different. A score of 3 is given when all items are correct and the total tally of responses is 15 or more, 2 when all responses are self-corrected or the total tally of responses is 10-14, 1 when there are error responses, perseverations, or denials, or the total tally of responses is 9 or less, and 0 when the response is unintelligible or no response is elicited. The RIPA-G:2 produces three types of scores: raw scores, scaled scores, and percentile ranks. The percentile rank can be converted to a corresponding severity rating that provides a general indication of the examinee’s performance in comparison to others. The raw score is calculated for each subtest by summing

Contemporary Issues and Legitimacy in Accounting †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues and Legitimacy in Accounting. Answer: Introduction In the modern world, accounting is a significant aspect that is undertaken by all the organizations that are functioning in the current economy. It is seen that accounting is vital in understanding the financial position of the firm and what changes can be undertaken in order to improve the business performance. With respect to the topic that is given in the case study, it is seen that social contract is a significant aspect that has been established during the prehistoric time. It is seen that social contract is helpful in creating a collaboration among the employees and the stakeholders that are involved with the operations of the business (Mansell 2015). Legitimacy theory is an important aspect and therefore social contract can be implemented with respect to this theory. This topic has been taken into consideration as the theory of legitimacy helps in the development of the accounting structure of the firm and hence, there is a necessity for the application of social contract in the legitimacy theory. The information with regard to this topic has been gathered and established by taking help of various theories prepared by researchers hailing from various regions (Mena 2016). Hence, the construction of the paper, brings out the true colour that is essential for understanding so that social contract can be implemented in the legitimacy theory. Explanation of the relevance and application of Social Contract to Legitimacy Theory in Accounting As explained by Skyrms (2014) the theory of legitimacy in finance can be taken as a standard perception or else a hypothesis that the deeds of a specific entity are demanded, precise and accurate within a distinct socially prepared process of rules and regulations, the definitions as well as the principles. In this aspect, it can be said that legitimacy theory can be taken as one of the best mentioned beliefs and principles within the community and even in the ecological space. Conversely, the social contract theory discloses the information that from the initiation of the civilization of mankind, various social contracts have significantly aided both the government and the individuals to function and work in a close relation among each other. As stated by Steverson et al., (2013), the communities and the societies are mainly handled and supervised by the government effectively. There are several philosophers and ideologists who are in the outlook that individuals can attain certain benefits by living and surviving together and the requirement to trail various regulations and rules as well. It is seen specifically, that societies are the reason for the negotiations and the social contracts specially to give out the framework with respect to the way the individuals and the government can communicate and interact. Ogbuju Eneh (2016) undertook an analysis in order to bring out the effect of the environment on the current functions that are related to accounting as it is thought that accounting is more expected to be tangled in the method that is associated with the environmental problems. The social contract significantly demands that even though the primary aim of the business is to bring out profits, the organizations even has an principled obligations to perform in a manner that is socially accountable. This process of social contract is significantly a fundamental standard that is based on, which various theories of organizational revelations are crucially ba sed. Shafer-Landau (2014) proclaims that this standard even delivers a significant structure for analysing and studying the environmental assertions by several business organizations. Legitimacy theory is discovered to be one of the primary social theories that is significantly aided by the perception of distinctly social contract. In this spirit, this has been discovered to be an effective tool for explanation with respect to the regards to the idea environmental recording by various operational organizations. There are various aspects with the help of which the organizations propose to legalise their own activities by trying to gain the correspondence among the operations of the entity as well as the aims with respect to the values of the society (Lacey Lamont 2014). Within itself, it is important to consider that the model of legitimacy is one of the innumerable social theories that have been exploited in order to explain the causes behind the specifically environmental declarat ions and the perception with respect to the social contract. Conversely, there exists a profound doubt among the various researchers with respect to the offers that is given with respect to various charitable declarations of the organization. Quinn (2017) accurately puts forward the fact that there is a critical issue that has to be taken into consideration comprises of two assorted legitimacy concept categories, out of which one of them is the macro theory that is even known as the Institutional Legitimacy Theory. Specifically, this particular theory ties to deal in the process the organizational structure have attained the acceptance from the society largely. Muldoon (2016) orates that institutionalization as well as legitimacy are practically similar and both the consequences provides supremacy and power to the organizations primarily by making them look meaningful as well as natural. Weber (2014) explains correctly from the outlook of the accounting research, that gives out the time agenda and even undertakes questions that are considered, but the current environment of the business that counts the capitalistic structure, the form of government that is democratic and various others that are considered normally, a stationary setting within which the research is undertaken. Conversely, this belief requires to be considered carefully and then taken into consideration so that for a long term study of any sizeable length. Rogowski (2015) rightly puts forward that there are various layers with respect to the theory of legitimacy. At the initial stage, there are communities, religions, government and capitalism as well. The second level that is considered as organizational stage, there is presence of maintenance, extensions, establishments and defence. Glozer et al., (2014) states correctly that the strata that is below the primary stage is the organizational stage. Specifically, the fundamental structural legitimacy method with the help of which the companies try to look for permits as well as dodging from the various sections in a community. Significantly, bulk of the examinations that are associated with accounting have a tendency to bring out an understanding with respect to legitimacy. The organizations look for constructing a similarity among the diversified communalisms by the values that are associated to the standards of of sufficient behaviour with the background of a vaster framework that is in relation to the society. It is seen that with respect to the two varied processes of fixed value that are corresponding, it is seen that legitimacy of the firms is discovered to be present. Conversely, during the time when the real or when the probable disparity is present among the tow various value systems, it is seen that there will be a risk to the legitimacy of the organization. The business view of legitimacy is a functional resource that the firms eliminate competitively from the cultural atmosphere and that they hire in order to accomplish their aims and goals. Bitektine Haack (2015) orates that legitimacy can be taken as the resource that a specific company needs during the bid in order to operate. There are various operations as well as programs that raise the legitimacy and there are events that can reduce it. It is seen that reduced level of legitimacy can distinctly have dreadful phenomenon for a firm that can eventually lead to the loss of the authority to perform. There are chances when a consideration can be taken with respect to the firm to be a valid and thoughts are given regarding their validity, and this in real situation can turn into a bigger exercise to try to compute validity directly. There are strong after effects in this case but still the validity can be taken into account as a nonconcrete perception that brings out the reality by the various performers present in the social environment (Dagiliene 2015). Within itself, for an examiner to try and properly disclose the legitimacy of various firms can be seen to be actually a wider job, explaining the individual outlooks of the examiner. Furthermore, with respect to legitimacy, it is seen that it has commonly been depicted as resources that the companies requires to gain from the atmosphere. Conversely, during the time of analysing legitimacy as a distinct thing that can be altered among the institutes and it is seen that validity is properly taken as a significant segment of the situation of exchange as well as a phenomenon that is related to the give and take policy. Specifically, validity has a practical preparation and this represents as a depiction that is representational and specifically seen as a united analysis for an organisation and this is validated to several researchers as well as with the participants practically by specifically the movement of the resources. Conversely, the properties significantly have the requirement of the representational import so that it can function as a positive value in course of the cultural interchange. Moreover, validity can be taken as an upper order determination of that particular descriptions, which is a demo if explanations. Cheng et al., (2014) contradicts that precise framework in the region of legitimacy structure requires to investigate the relevant stakeholders and the process in which it motivates the resource flow that is essential for the foundation of the organization. Enhancement as well as the grow th, total existence, whether with the help of direct supervision or by the method of announcement with respect to goodwill. Crotty Ljubownikow (2016) explains that there are four various stakeholders in the firm and each of the stakeholders are known to handle the varied resources. Al stakeholders of the firm are inclusive of the condition that in turn handle the resources like the tax, contracts, legislation, regulations and grants. Furthermore, the stakeholders mostly the society even gives out benefaction like the consumers, assistance and support with respect to the interest of the labour and society. Additionally, the financial society is another significant stakeholder that handles and supervises the investment. Additionally, the stakeholders namely the media even handles various resources that are direct in nature and this can substantially have an influence on the stakeholders selection (Bebbington et al., 2014). Additionally, the organizations try to control the legitimacy as it aids in undertaking certain sustainable capital flow, labour and predicts terminates or overall ostracism of various commodities and several other offensive operations that are performed by the external parties. With the help of easing or else rectifying the various probable problems, the structural legitimacy gives out diversified managements with a specific degree of independence thereby to select the process with the help of which where and how the activities of the firm can be performed. It is seen that Lu Abeysekera (2014) correctly recognised that structural legitimacy theory intends that a firm can have four various levels that is in respect to legitimacy. Specifically, these stages are foundations of legitimacy, legitimacy maintenance, expansion of legitimacy and defensive diversified legitimacy. Conversely, the social components are associated with each of the stages of legitimacy. Stanny (2013) explains that the initial stage of the construction of legitimacy reproduces the initial stages of enhancement of a firm and have the tendency to turn around matters of capability, especially the financial ability. Furthermore, the business entities requires to be aware of the socially established measures of the quality with the request and the requirement to complete with respect to the identified codes of competence. Additionally to this scenario, the nest step comprises of the stages of the postponement of the legitimacy. It is seen that there may be a situation during which the organizations come to a new environment or market or even modifies the process with which it links to the modern stock exchanges. In reality, it is seen that such an effect can lead to postponement of legitimacy that is suitable to be powerful as well as vigorous as the management aim to obtain promise as well as supporting the customers who are mistrustful. It is seen that specifically, legitimacy can face risks by a distinct event that is intrinsic and extrinsic and as a result may need some defence. Bhme (2013) puts forward a comment that actions that are legitimate looks to be strong and responsive as the management looks to rectify the threat. While leaving out the main manifestation, it is predicted in the System of Western Capitalist that mostly all the organizations can frequently require to reserve the legitimacy. It is seen that this is the final stage that requires to likely to be the core concentration of the various examiners with respect to accounting. Furthermore, this even gives out the chance to evaluate critical connection among both the resources and legitimacy. In specific, the major paper that was precisely cited by several environmental and social researchers who are involved with accounting looks to be relevant with this scenario. The theory of legitimacy significantly proposes several researchers as well as widesp read society in a specific manner to logically unload diversified disclosures that are corporate in nature. Nonetheless, analysis as well as understanding of the current notion requires to be more differentiated and this primarily requires to be referred to differentiation developments both among the works that have been gathered and more than the same. This is what happens when the overall capacity of the distinct concept of legitimacy for the investigation of the widespread range of various disclosures to understood entirely. Muldoon (2016) focuses that the intelligence developed can be exploited for bringing out the grander and useful information to various makers of the decisions specifically to the stakeholders. Specifically in this way, the overall society can be gifted with the authority to have better controlling power and have the supremacy to handle and control the method of assignment of the possessions. Conclusion The conclusion of the paper reveals that the legitimacy perception is one of the various social theories that have been exploited to explain the believed reason behind the environmental statements and the perceptions with respect to the social contract. The present paper explains that that the cogency principle that has been one of the most recognised notions within the community as well as region of the environment. This paper aids in obtaining the wide-ranging knowledge about the fact that legitimacy that is critically a standardized notion or the beliefs that in turn explains that the engagements of specific unit are essentially demanded, suitable within the communally established process of the regulations, beliefs, explanations and principles. In this spirit, this paper aids in obtaining a summarized overview with respect to the fact that the concept of legitimacy is a robust tool for understanding skilful environmental and social disclosures that are proposed by the firm. This is helpful for grasping certain vehicles for undertaking a serious discussions. References Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bitektine, A., Haack, P. (2015). The macro and the micro of legitimacy: Toward a multilevel theory of the legitimacy process.Academy of Management Review,40(1), 49-75. Bhme, M. (2013).Do we need global legitimacy?: A brief history of the concept of legitimacy and why we need to develop it. GRIN Verlag. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), 90-119. Crotty, J., Ljubownikow, S. (2016, January). Dealing with Excessive Regulation: Legitimacy Seeking by Russian Non-Profit Organizations. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 13831). Academy of Management. Dagiliene, L. (2015). The research of corporate social responsibility disclosures in annual reports.Engineering Economics,21(2). Glozer, S., Caruana, R., Hibbert, S. A. (2014, January). Constructing Legitimacy in Online Corporate Social Responsibility Communication. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 15051). Academy of Management. Lacey, J., Lamont, J. (2014). Using social contract to inform social licence to operate: an application in the Australian coal seam gas industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 831-839. Lu, Y., Abeysekera, I. (2014). Stakeholders' power, corporate characteristics, and social and environmental disclosure: evidence from China.Journal of Cleaner Production,64, 426-436. Mansell, S. (2015).Book Review: Rejoinder to Veldmans review of Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory(Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 271-275). A. Pullen, C. Rhodes (Eds.). Sage UK: London, England: Sage Publications. Mena, S. (2016). Book Review: Samuel F. Mansell Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory. Muldoon, R. (2016).Social contract theory for a diverse world: Beyond tolerance. Routledge. Ogbuju, S., Eneh, O. C. (2016). Locating the reality of the social contract theory and the failed state concept in Nigerias governance.Sustainable Human Development Review,6(1-4). Quinn, M. (2017). Place Leadership and The Social Contract: Re-Examining Local Leadership in the East Midlands. Rogowski, R. (2015).Rational legitimacy: A theory of political support. Princeton University Press. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Skyrms, B. (2014).Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Stanny, E. (2013). Voluntary disclosures of emissions by US firms.Business Strategy and the Environment,22(3), 145-158. Steverson, B. K., Rutherford, M. W., Buller, P. F. (2013). New venture legitimacy lies and ethics: an application of social contract theory.J. Eth. Entrep,3, 73-92. Weber, T. M. (2014). Examining Social Contract Theory.

The Alexandria Quartet. Justine Review Essay Example

The Alexandria Quartet. Justine Review Paper Essay on The Alexandria Quartet. Justine This book has caused extremely mixed chuvstva.S one hand, the skill of the authors face. Style full of finesse. The book itself-shelter esthete. Descriptions brought to perfection. Who would have thought that brother, all of the famous writer and naturalist Gerald Durrell, author, as it is now govorit- bestseller, My family and other animals, would be so thin, refined by the author. His Lawrence, the way to create text, so filigree as if handmade, all the minute details of the text and, of speech, selection words- prochustvovat so thin that this skill can not but admire. The disappointment must not right word, feeling neudovletvorennosi book arose from the displeasure, as the author crafted storyline. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alexandria Quartet. Justine Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Alexandria Quartet. Justine Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Alexandria Quartet. Justine Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is a matter of fact and not as such. There is a stream of consciousness, emotions, impressions, feelings, and longwall thoughts and associations of which I very long tried to isolate, is to isolate, fragmentary segments of information in order to understand at last what, Im talking about. And so what is this subtle work? of course the action takes place in Alexandria, in our century. The author however described the city so that he could cause the association with Shangri-La than Egitom. Alexandria by Darrell something intoxicating, wrapped in mysticism, and yet something European .mozhet be the reason that the author still describes the characters of high society or bohemian. Center of the figure in the stream of consciousness of the author is the femme fatale, fatal beauty Justine. Darell, the images of his heroes is not fully disclose, apparently this is the original idea. Justine, by its nature, object unbridled passions from the outside, and is itself a carrier irrepressible zhelaniya.Pri all this, she-Elegant fine lady that changes lovers, mistresses, sometimes as seals, at times, that I was outraged, visits to children bordeli.Kakim Darrell esthete was not, but this fact could have missed, in my opinion it was quite superfluous. Finally, Justine finds a permanent lover, who was at the time to concentrate on her attention, probably even possible to use the expression it has lost a head from love .Obektom her lust and in fact turned out to be the author, tells this very refined, enveloped in passion story, leading sions endless monologue .On the background looms the man who knows everything, but madly in love with his wife. Basically, if you sort through plot, it is quite tipichen.On and she and she and he, it is the Alexandria quartet. From this fact, and my confusion. In style, the author of anything that smacks of Huysmans, maybe even on Wilde. I in this case, exclusively on the construction of aesthetics in a cult. Dynamics, humor is certainly out of place, is not as a species would .If possible, pour into it the product of a spark of life, can be turned out to be a masterpiece, but for now it is only a book for delicate natures magnificent example of monotonous tightness soaked beautiful descriptions like .If comparison is appropriate, how tasteless meat for a delicious sauce.

6 Strategies to Develop Your Critical Reading Skills

6 Strategies to Develop Your Critical Reading Skills To those in professions that involve using your mind as a tool, keeping skills like critical reading and critical thinking sharp is an absolute must. Most of us have been required to read critically during our education, but, strangely enough, the skill remains untapped or undeveloped by most adults. Critical reading, by and large, concerns not discerning what the text says, but why it says what it says and a sharp critical reader will separate three functions that a text performs: what it says, what it does and what the congruity of those two is supposed to mean. In other words, to read critically is to think not about what the text says about one topic or another, but what the text attempts to accomplish by stating what its stating in terms of facts and arguments presented. Here are some strategies that will help you become a better critical reader: 1. Develop Critical Reading Along With Critical Thinking At least once a day, resolve to read something that attempts to argue for or against a cause. Then, spend some time to answer basic questions: what is the issue and why is it being discussed? What is this author advocating for? How do they justify their stance on this topic? Are these good reasons? Why or why not? For reading material, try the New York Times Opinion Pages. 2. Lay Your Thoughts Out Some prefer using a pen and paper, but the easier way is saying what youre thinking out loud, allowing your thoughts to go from something wishy-washy and unsound to concrete, composed statements. It might seem silly, but even advanced students of logical theory have to do this, and its definitely a practical skill worth developing. When youre ruminating on a topic, your mind can go from one thought to the next, barely registering that something was there after your thought switches to something else. Verbalizing those thoughts allows them to bear weight and be recorded. 3. Read Up on Logical Theory Learn what an argument is and the difference between deductive and inductive arguments. Finally, learn about what makes an argument valid, what makes an argument sound and how those two things differ from each other. Theres lots more to learn, but these are the basics that will serve you well when dissecting someones arguments. 4. Remember to Think Actively Active thinking means asking questions when presented with statements, its opposition being passive thinking, which is based on relying on assumption, taking things at face value, and prejudice. 5. Be a Skeptic, Not a Cynic Critical thinkers are naturally skeptical and suspicious, though in some, this can cross into cynicism. The rule of thumb for distinguishing between the two is that cynics will assume that something is malicious or untrue, while skeptics do not assume anything. Of course, were all just human and sometimes cant help but fall victim to our emotions, however, try and remember that critical thinking involves thinking actively, and cynicism is purely passive emotional impulse. 6. Above All Else, Be Open to New Ideas To a non-critical thinker, the world is only their perspective of it and what doesnt fall into their view is dismissed simply because its different. A critical thinker, and, by extension, a critical reader judges ideas based on merit alone, accepting views that differ from their own and in fact readily exposing themselves to opposing views. Using these guidelines will help you stay sharp and think on your feet when presented with someones opinions. Resolving to read critically is something everyone should do. Its not in everyones character to read everything critically, nor is it possible to think critically and remain skeptical at all times, but in this world where your news come pre-chewed youll need the right tools to combat spin and misinformation.

Adverb Placement in English and Grammar Focus

Adverb Placement in English and Grammar Focus Adverbs provide information about how, when or where something is done. Its easy to understand what adverbs do by looking at the word adverb: Adverbs add something to the verb! Lets take a look at a few examples: Jack often visits his grandmother in Chicago. The adverb often tells us how often Jack visits his grandmother in Chicago. Alice plays golf very well. The adverb well tells us how Alice plays golf. It tells us the quality of how she plays. However, they must remember to clean up before they leave. The adverb however connects the sentence to the independent clause or sentence that comes before it. You may have noticed that the adverb placement is different in each of the three sentences. Adverb placement in English can be confusing at times. Generally, adverb placement is taught when focusing on specific types of adverbs. Adverb placement for adverbs of frequency comes directly before the main verb. Therefore, they come in the middle of the sentence. This is referred to as mid-position adverb placement. Here is a general guide to adverb placement in English. Adverb Placement: Initial Position Adverb placement at the beginning of a clause or a sentence is referred to as initial position. Connecting Adverbs Initial position adverb placement is used when using a connecting adverb to join a statement to the preceding clause or sentence. Its important to remember that these connecting adverbs take adverb placement at the beginning of a phrase in order to connect it to the phrase that has come before. Commas are often used after the use of a connecting adverb. There are a number of these connecting adverbs, here are some of the most common: However,Consequently,Then,Next,Still, Examples: Life is hard. However, life can be fun.The market is very difficult these days. Consequently, we need to focus on what works best for our customers.My friend Mark doesnt enjoy school. Still, hes working hard at getting good grades. Time Adverbs Time adverbs are also used at the beginning of phrases to indicate when something should happen. Its important to note that time adverbs are used in a number of adverb placements. Time adverbs are the most flexible of all adverbs in their adverb placement. Examples: Tomorrow Peter is going to visit his mother in Chicago.Sundays I like playing golf with my friends.Sometimes Jennifer enjoys a relaxing day at the beach. Adverb Placement: Middle Position Focusing Adverbs Adverb placement of focusing adverbs generally takes place in the middle of a sentence, or in the mid-position. Focusing adverbs put the emphasis on one part of the clause in order to modify, qualify or add additional information. Adverbs of frequency (sometimes, usually, never, etc.), adverbs of certainty (probably, certainly, etc.) and comment adverbs (adverbs expressing an opinion such as intelligently, expertly, etc.) can all be used as focusing adverbs. Examples: She often forgets to take her umbrella to work.Sam stupidly left his computer at home instead of taking it with him to the conference.Ill certainly buy a copy of his book. NOTE: Remember that adverbs of frequency are always placed before the main verb, rather than the auxiliary verb. (I dont often go to San Francisco. NOT I often dont go to San Francisco.) Adverb Placement: End Position Adverb placement is usually at the end of a sentence or phrase. While its true that adverb placement can happen in the initial or mid-position, its also true that adverbs generally are placed at the end of a sentence or phrase. Here are the three most common types of adverbs placed at the end of a sentence or phrase. Adverbs of Manner Adverb placement of adverbs of manner usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of manner tell us how something is done. Examples: Susan hasnt done this report accurately.Sheila plays piano thoughtfully.Tim does his math homework carefully. Adverbs of Place Adverb placement of adverbs of place usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of place tell us where something is done. Examples: Barbara is cooking pasta downstairs.Im working in the garden outside.They will investigate the crime downtown. Adverbs of Time Adverb placement of adverbs of time usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of manner tell us when something is done. Examples: Angie likes relaxing at home on weekends.Our meeting takes place at three oclock.Frank is having a checkup tomorrow afternoon.

The Effects of Acculturation and Assimilation on Second Language Research Paper

The Effects of Acculturation and Assimilation on Second Language Acquisition - Research Paper Example Both social and economic sectors have been affected by the respective transformations. In the social sphere, the education sector is perhaps the most affected. Increasingly, populations are being compelled to develop more integrated methods of transport and communication. Communication is particularly important in the environment because it enhances understanding of the knowledge that is passed across in various institutions. Indeed, it cannot be disputed that effective communication fosters understanding and enhances consumption of the respective information by the students. This is at the core of the primary goals and objectives of education. In essence, effective communication aids in promoting sustainable development in this sector. In the education sector, communication amongst students and teachers promotes the establishment and development of lasting positive relationships. Through these relationships, students are able to understand and appreciated the knowledge that the get and skills that are delivered to them. The teachers or instructors on the other hand have an easy time to pass on important concepts to the students. Effective communication prevents possible conflicts that are likely to emanate stem from incidences of misinformation. As indicated earlier, globalization trends have led to the free movement of students form one region to the other. As a result, it has diversified learning environments with respect to culture and particularly language. Current trends indicate that students go to great lengths to attain quality education. Certainly, this is requisite for effective functioning in the society. The students are compelled to pursue this good by the changing environments in the corporate sphere. Seemingly, successful business entities prefer personnel that are well equipped with respect to knowledge and skills. This enables respective organizations to attain a competitive edge and realize optimal outcomes in their endeavors. Likewise, most businesses always seek to enhance their performance with regard to profit making. One of the most important factors in the current education sphere pertains to language. In order to function executively and realize optimal outcomes in the current diversified learning environments, both students and teachers are being compelled to learn a second language. Usually, their first language includes their native language and is useful in the local learning institutions. When they get to national and international levels, they are always required to acquire knowledge about a second language. This enables them to communicate effectively in their learning environments and understand the information that is passed on to them. In addition, it enables them to address the challenges that they face especially considering that most of them learn from foreign environments. At this point, it is worth appreciating that language is an important cultural component that aids in understanding the ways of life of a certain community. Effective learning only takes place in environments that are peaceful and devoid of unnecessary conflicts. In most instances, conflicts that occur in the learning environments tend to be closely associated with cultural differences. In this respect, it is also worth noting that culture is a very sensitive social aspect that is intrinsic of a people’s behavior and general way of life. Relative conflicts are therefore equally sensitive and the likelihood of these spurring into more complex conflicts is very high. In the learning environment, this is undesirable and can compromise the wellbeing of the entire school fraternity. It is for this reason that

Career Research Paper (Mechanical Engineering at BMW M model) Part 2

Career (Mechanical Engineering at BMW M model) Part 2 - Research Paper Example Mechanics is associated with designing and working of machines and can be ascertained as the main department of all other branches of science. A degree in mechanical engineering can be helpful to obtain a job in automobile industry, wherein an opportunity to design cars and other vehicles along with conducting various research and development activities can be gained. As a mechanical engineer, students may get assistance in planning and designing vehicle parts. Therefore, it can be stated that mechanical engineering profession is of great importance in the automobile sector (Murthy 1-18). With this concern, the research paper intends to analyze the current demand for new hires in entry-level jobs relating to one of the companies operating in the automobile industry i.e. BMW Group. The company is regarded as one of the biggest manufacturers of cars, which provides job opportunities to those students who are pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering or searching job in the respective field. The various methods followed by the students in finding jobs in automobile sector have also been discussed in this research paper. Apart from this, utmost focus has been levied upon depicting the possible career growth path along with the compensation expected by the students at the entry level job and expected pay after gaining experiences (BMWGroup â€Å"A World of Opportunities†). The demand for mechanical engineers is high in automobile industry, as they possess the ability of playing the role of automotive engineers as well. A mechanical engineer can cover the entire job roles of an automotive engineer. Both mechanical and automotive engineer are required to design vehicles for the concerned companies to whom they are employed. A mechanical engineer has the skill to design various components and parts of the vehicles and above all, they also perform additional roles of ensuring greater safety

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity Essay Crash is highly ambiguous in the depiction of multiculturalism in American society. Almost all the ethnicities depicted in Crash question the perception others have their particular group, but at the same time affirm the different stereotypes surrounding their ethnic group. For example, one of the black characters (‘Anthony’) remarks that they should be afraid in a white neighborhood, due to their group’s association with crime. Following this intelligent observation, he and his friend (‘Peter’) proceed to steal a car from a white couple (Rick and Jean Cabot), affirming the stereotype whites have of them. Another example would be the Persian-American father, who is accused by a gun-store owner to be a danger to society, The father denies this fact, but ends up shooting a child. This ambiguous portrayal shows us one of the dilemmas of Multiculturalism in American society. While it strives to acknowledge diversity, it also promotes color consciousness by rejecting color-blind solutions. To quote Gordon and Newfield â€Å"Multiculturalism in the 1980’s sponsored renewed protests against white racism and yet it appeared to replace the emphasis on race and racism with an emphasis on cultural diversity. Multiculturalism rejected racial subordination but seemed sometimes to support itâ€Å". While Gordon and Newfield also attest that â€Å"multiculturalism often avoided race. It designated cultures†, but multiculturalism in Crash inexorably comes down to race and ethnicity. The characters in Crash think in terms of race or ethnicity, not culture. Despite the fact that every major character is culturally ‘American’, race is the definitive factor in determining identity. The upper-class African-American Cameron is accused of not being ‘black’ enough. The Persian-American father is angered that he is mistaken for being an Arab (traditionally considered to be part of the Hamitic race), while both ethnicities can be considered part of Islamic culture. The Asian-American characters and the Cambodian immigrants are first and foremost ‘Asian’ and no attempt is made to distinguish them culturally. This can clearly be seen at the end of the movie; Anthony drops the Cambodians off in Chinatown, an ‘Asian’ neighborhood, inhabited by Chinese-Americans whose culture and language is completely foreign to the Cambodians. Furthermore everyone from South-American is labeled as Latino or Hispanic, despite the fact that Brazilians are culturally and linguistically Portuguese and that Argentina is more ‘white’ than the United States. Detective Ria is called Mexican (the most common Hispanic group in Los Angeles) multiple times in the movie, despite having a shared Puerto Rican and El-Salvadorian background. One must understand that there is a racial divide or a perceived racial divide in American society, not just between the white American majority and minority groups but between different minority groups as well. This is best seen during Crash’s opening scene, where a ‘native’ Asian-American woman (Kim Lee) accuses the ‘native’ Hispanic Ria of being an illegal immigrant in broken English. Another example would be the privileged African-American Cameron. After an attempted carjacking, he is mistaken for one of the carjackers, due to his belligerent attitude and encounters a racial divide that completely nullifies his privileged position. In other words, his upper-class job gave him a degree of ‘whiteness’, which dissipates when he is mistaken for a ‘black’ thug. The racial divide is best described by Ronald Takaki, a Japanese-American and a professor on multicultural American during an encounter with a taxi driver. The taxi driver asked how long he had been in the US; Takaki interpreted his question in terms of race: â€Å"Somehow I did not look ‘American’ to him; my eyes and complexion looked foreign. Suddenly we both became aware of a racial divide between us†. For the taxi driver, an Asian man speaking good English was somehow remarkable and likely made his comment without any racist connotations. For the Japanese-American Takaki, it was a reminder that the notion of ‘Americaness’ was still closely related to race. Another Academic, Schlesinger notes that â€Å"The bonds of cohesion in our society are sufficiently fragile, or so it seems to me, that it makes no sense to strain them by encouraging and exalting cultural and linguistic apartheid. The American identity will never be fixed and final; it will always be in the making†. Despite being an assimilationist, Schlesinger has a valid argument, at least with this quote. ‘American’ is not a fixed identity; it means different things to different minority groups. For the Asian-American woman, speaking broken English raised no questions regarding her Asian-American identity, while the Hispanic Ria was dumbfounded by the fact that the women accused her of being an illegal in broken English. Schlesinger correctly notes how fragile the bonds between the different ethnic groups are. This returns in Crash, where almost every ‘multicultural’ interaction is the result of a crash or conflict. As Gordon and Newfield point out in their essay, multiculturalism might have placed the emphasis on cultural diversity, rather than race or racism, but it has done little to deal with the underlying racial divide that exists in American society. Bibliography â€Å"Argentina Demographics Profile 2010†, Index Mundi, accessed 10-3-2010, http://www. indexmundi. com/argentina/demographics_profile. html Avery Gordon and Christopher Newfield, Mapping Multiculturalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), 3-4 Schlesinger, Arthur M. , The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: Norton, 1992) 137-138 Takaki, Ronald, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (New York: Back Bay Books, 1993) 1-2.

Fredrick Douglass Essay -- essays research papers

FREDERICK DOUGLASS Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in 1817, in Tuckahoe, Maryland. Because his slave mother, Harriet Bailey, used to call him her "little valentine," he adopted February 14th as his birthday, not knowing the exact date of his birth. He knew very little about his mother since she was employed as a field hand on a plantation some twelve miles away, and she died when he was eight or nine years old. Douglass knew even less about his father, but it was rumored that he was the son of his White slave master, Aaron Anthony. Young Frederick was grossly mistreated. To keep from starving, on many occasions, he competed with his master's dogs for table scraps and bones. In 1825, he was sent to serve as a houseboy in the home of Hugh and Sophia Auld in Baltimore. Mrs Auld grew fond of him and sought to teach him to read and write. By the time her irate husband discovered the deed and put a stop to it, Douglass had acquired enough of the rudiments to carry on by himself. His life in Baltimore was interrupted in 1832 at the death of Captain Anthony. Frederick was passed along to the possession of Thomas Auld, Anthony's son-in-law. The lessons he learned about the evils of slavery and his hatred of the institution was deepened during his stay with Thomas Auld. He infuriated the Auld's by his refusal to call his owner "Master" instead of "Captain." Determined to crush the spirit of young Frederick, Thomas Auld hired him out to Ed...

Communication Issues in the Workplace

Running head: THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE The Importance of Effective Communication in the Workplace Christina Springer University of Phoenix The Importance of Effective Communication in the Workplace Introduction Anyone in a work environment having an understanding of what good effective Intercultural communication in the workplace entails will enhance every person’s ability to experience a successful and professional work experience. People can be exposed to misunderstandings in the workplace due to conflict of interests. These conflicts of interests can be rooted from a variety of cultural differences among distinctive ethnic backgrounds other than our own, and international individuals who are in our country solely for education or temporary work. Lack of proper understanding or skills of diversity in the workplace can cause many discrepancies among coworkers. People live in an increasingly complex world. One element of this complexity is the mixing of different cultures, languages and faiths. Within the business world intercultural communication is vital for success. Effective communication between colleagues from different cultural backgrounds ensures a team is working harmoniously. (The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, Â ¶ 1) Situation There was a Caucasian tall skinny man with glasses who worked as a Deejay in West Virginia while attending West Virginia University. He was part German with somewhat of an accent. He had previous experience with all genres of music. His plan was to finish school and return to Germany to pursue his dream of being an internationally known Deejay. He was invited to a national hip hop celebration to perform as an artist and as a Deejay. The coordinator informed the African American Deejay’s that there would be a Caucasian Deejay coming to assist with them at the job. When he arrived to the celebration, there was a huge table of all African American Deejay’s setting up their equipment. He was told by the coordinator to set up as soon as he arrived there. So he walked up to the table of Deejay’s and they started laughing at him. They made fun of him and ridiculed him thinking it was a joke that he came to Deejay. They made fun of his appearance and did not take him serious. He went to the coordinator and told the coordinator the situation. The coordinator came over to the table of Deejay’s and explained that he was one of the Deejay’s to be performing and to clear a space for his equipment as they would not do before. Without hesitation they apologized and cleared a space for the German Deejay to set up his equipment. Diagnosis Conflict is a clash of values that is a common occurrence in the workplace. (Teo, 2006, December 13, Â ¶ 1) In this particular situation the Deejay’s at the national celebration being all African American may have misjudged the German Deejay for his appearance and accent. They may have underestimated his ability to Deejay effectively based off of his appearance of different culture and his accent. Because this was a hip hop celebration they seemed to have assumed that he was incapable of livening up the crowd. This common situation of conflict needs to be addressed more in any workplace. More often executives are expected to work internationally, hence business and social contacts between people of various nationalities increased. As these people come from disparate cultural backgrounds, geographical barriers gave way to communication barriers that lead to tensions and conflicts. Teo, Â ¶ 2) The important for leaders of any organization properly to train its employees of cultural differences and how to handle situations that may arise is increasingly important. The coordinator may have not properly informed the German Deejay of what he would be exposed to during this particular job. As a result it was somewhat of a culture shock for the German Deejay . This was a culture shock for the German Deejay especially not knowing what to think or expect. If the coordinator would have notified the African American Deejay’s of the complete extent of the German/Caucasian man’s nationality or description it would have made it easier for everyone involved at the job. The African American Deejay’s were use to working with other African American Deejay’s experienced in hip hop only. The German Deejay felt like an outcast when the African American Deejay’s made fun of him and nonverbally displayed he was unwelcomed by not clearing a space for his equipment due to their poor lack of judgment. Solutions Any person being of a different ethnicity in a completely different country can expect to experience a conflict of interest at any workplace unfortunately. A decision to be made upon the leaders of the organization to enhance its entire employee’s of the importance of diversity skills and how it can lead to success. If the coordinator would have informed the African American Deejay’s of the nationality, talent, skills, and capabilities of the German Deejay then perhaps the African American Deejay’s would have been more welcoming to the German Deejay. The German Deejay could have gone to the human resources department of the organization and he or she could offer help for this situation. Any coordinator of any national event should always inform its employees of any possibility of conflicts of interests or lack of understanding of misjudgments that may occur and how to handle a situation like that. In order to come to appreciate and understand people from different cultures, empathy is vital. Through putting yourself in someone else's shoes he or she will come to see or appreciate their point of view. The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, Â ¶ 5) Everyone makes or has assumptions about others. Assumptions are beliefs rather than objective truth and are usually influenced by a number of subjective factors. (The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, Â ¶ 3) Any employee of any workplace must take interest to understand the differences between cultural norms, beliefs, and values within each culture and that they are all d istinctive. People should always respect other cultures in order to create a civil and fair work environment. Conclusion Diversity skills are very important to have in any work environment. Without efficient knowledge or understanding of other cultures and the capabilities of behavior from one culture to the next, conflicts of interest may arise. If employees and leaders can work together to access and prevent any bad situation from happening it would be beneficial to the organization as well as the employee's. Regardless of the ethnic background of a person, monitoring our own behavior can always be a way of building opportunities and the ability to enhance strengths of comprehending the importance of eing equipped with proper knowledge on the expansion of diversity among worker's anywhere. References Teo, A. (2006, December 13). Intercultural Conflict in the Workplace: Every Organization’s Nightmare. Ezine Articles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Intercultural-Conflict-in-the-Workplace:-every-Organizations-Nightmare=385503 The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication. (). Kwintesse ntial. Retrieved from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/intercultural-communication. html

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay

Ethics is defined as a standard of human behavior that offers how to act in many situations with friends, family members, employees, business people, professionals, etc. It is necessary to mention that to make really ethical decision means to use trained sensitivity to ethical issues. In other words, ethics is associated with acceptable human behavior in this or that everyday or scientific field. Ethics incorporates norms of conventional morality to distinguish ‘wrong’ behavior from ‘right’ behavior. Generally, ethical norms suggest honesty, truthfulness, fairness, integrity, justice and respect for others. Ethics is applied to all aspects of life as, for example, medicine, psychology, business, finance and economics. Financial and economic ethics is considered subset of general ethics. (Frowen, 1995, p. 46) Ethics and Ethical Norms Researches argue that ethical norms and values play important role in maintaining harmony and stability in social life as ethics suggests proper ways of human-human interactions. Ethics recognizes human needs and aspirations, as well as cooperative efforts, fairness and truthfulness. Ethics contributes social stability and ensures balance in all spheres of life and business. Social evolution has developed instinct care in humans to take care of ourselves and of others. Ethical norms are necessary for guiding human behavior and it is refereed to when it is necessary to resolve conflicts between selfishness and selfishness, between conscience and material needs. In finance and economics ethical violations are associated with inconsistency in modern financial-economic theory. Violations are also attributed to inconsistencies in use if principal-agent model of relations in economic and financial transactions. It is noted that the financial-economic theory is based on the rational-maximizer paradigm which promotes capitalist system stressing that individuals are egoistic and they tend to behave rationally when looking for ways of maximizing their own interest. The problem is that modern financial-economic theory contradicts ethical norms of loyalty, fidelity, trustworthiness and stewardship. Moral values are the core of traditional concept of agency, but if humans are claimed to be rational maximizers, then traditional sense is impossible. (Frowen, 19995, p. 47-49) For example, Duska argues that â€Å"to do something for another in a system geared to maximize self-interest is foolish. Such an answer, though, points out an inconsistency at the heart of the system, for a system that has rules requiring agents to look out for others while encouraging individuals to look out only for themselves, destroys the practice of looking out for others†. (Duska, 1992, p. 61) Ethics in Finance Ethics in finance plays important role as it aims at ensuring fair deals and transactions. Moreover, ethics in finance addresses corporate governance, and agency relationships which should be purely contractual. In financial sphere, ethical behaviour should be based on carrot-and-stick approach. In corporate governance the conflict between stockholder and management is described as agency problem. To deal with this problem an agency theory was developed. It stresses that the principal and agent are both self-interested aiming at generating their gain. (Dobson, 1993, p. 7) Researchers say that we tend to entail our needs as, for example, management of retirement savings or stock and bond investing, to financial services as we may fail to carry them effectively. We are not as organized as financial managers, but we are not aware of agency problem. Lack of necessary information limits our ability to monitor managers’ behaviour. Therefore, modern world is characterized by selfish behaviour as people are willing to get their things done by others. Such paradoxical situation explains ethical problems in financial sphere stressing that declining in morality is observed. (Dobson, 1993, p. 8) Ethical violations in finance are rather frequent nowadays and that mainly associated with stakeholder interest, insider trading, investment management and camping financing. Loyalty and trust in public and private dealings are often violated. The most common occurrences are fraudulent financial dealings, corruption in government and public institutions, influence peddling, cheating customers about their trading profits, insider trading, unauthorized transactions, misuse of customer funds in order to obtain personal gain, larceny and corruption in banks, improper pricing of customer trades, etc. Most frequently, unethical behaviour is associated with insider trading which is defined as trading in securities of particular company or organization with an effort to take advantage of information about material side of the company. In such a way, trade is provided with unfair advantage over other competitors in the same security. (Dobson, 1993, p. 59) Therefore, ethical codes are very important in financial filed as they set standards of acceptable behaviour, fair dealing and honest relations with customers. Ethical codes in finance tends to replace egoistic paradigm and to create such system which would promote, honesty, altruism and virtuous traits. It is rather common to fid ethical codes in modern financial markets and financial corporation. In financial markets such ethical codes are established by official regulatory agencies which are trying to ensure ethical and responsible behaviour as important part of all operations and transactions. Furthermore, re-examining of the core principle of capitalist society helps to address ethical problems in both financial and economic fields. Financial ethics suggests that individual should be presented as honest and altruistic promoting honesty and fairness in public and private dealings. The primary purpose of ethic in financial sphere is to set standards of internal good. (Dobson, 1993, p. 60-61) Ethics in Economics Ethics is related with economic sphere in three ways: economists should follow ethical values trying to shape the way they are doing economics; economic actors have ethical values which shape their own behavioural standards; finally, ethical values are important for economic policies and institutions as they affect people differentially. However, from economic perspective ethics is defined as a matter of choice for everyone. Many economists argue that ethical values contribute positively economic welfare. However, there are ideas that economics is ethically neutral. Economists are interested in implication of Adam Smith’s idea that all human are driven by self-interest and egoism. Smith argued that self-interest led to the common good of nation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 135) However, he agreed that human should act in terms of internationalized moral law and police power of the state. Therefore, it is recognized that in economic sphere all figures should act on the basis of acknowledged ethical norms as economy of every country needs efficient ethical behaviour to improve country’s reputation at the world scene. In economics ethics suggests avoiding corruption in government and promoting fair decision-making. It is a matter of fact that ethics is not an easy task for economic system and business as there will be always interest groups which will challenge ethical standards and values. Therefore, economics should pay more attention to ethics and social responsibility, as well as to set ethical codes of behavior. For example, businesses are defined as important institutions in any economic structure. Therefore, they are expected to follow ethical norms when deciding how to organize the work and to produce necessary goods and service. Businesses reflect the overall economic system and unethical behavior may create unfavorable reputation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 139) Conclusion Ethics plays crucial role in all aspects of life, especially in financial and economic sphere. In financial field ethics is associated with fair transactions and dealings, honest buyer-customer relations and avoidance of corruption. In economic field ethics is associated with social responsibility, ethical decision-making as the whole nation depends on them, and, of course, with no corruption on national level. Ethics is necessary not only for maintaining balance and harmony, but also for improving reputation of company, organization, and even country. (Frowen, 1995, p. 68)

igc3 Essays

igc3 Essays igc3 Essay igc3 Essay Sample Practical application (IGC3) NE-BOSH INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE IGC3 THE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICAL APPLICATION Candidates observation sheet Sheet number 1 of 5 Student name: G Gardner Student number: Place inspected: Education Development Date of Inspection centre Observation Risk Control measures Timescale Hazards and Consequences Immediate and longer term actions 1. Risk of vehicles speeding and causing road traffic accidents due to poor signage on access roads to school and main buildings. Inform school workers and parents f speed limits on access roads. Fix temporary speed limit signs. Re-paint speed signs on road. 2. Risk of traffic accident due to narrow sharp bend on access road to rear car park. Immediately 1 month Monitor the wear and damage to painted signs during site inspection Email all school workers to increase awareness. Get the school managers to contact parents. Yearly 1 2 months 3. Risk of traffic accident due to undesignated car parking in several areas that prevent vision of road and cause driving over footpaths to reach these areas. Change observation mirror to large ne. Erect signs warning of sharp bends. Monitor effects of measures. Look into feasibility of installing traffic light system. Every 6 months 4. Risk of trip due to potholes in surface of footpath Inform school workers by email not to park in undesignated areas. Erect bollards where possible. Erect no parking signs. Site maintenance team to monitor and issue warning letter to offenders. Discuss with Human Resources manager. 2 months On going Barrier off around affected area. Erect warning sign. Repair / resurface footpath. -2 months Monitor the surface condition of all ootpaths on site during site Yearly inspection Key: Risk: H=High, M=Medium, L=Low. Actions: Immediate, M=Medium, L=Long term. N/a= Not applicable. Sheet number 2 of 5 5. Risk of electric shock from active communication mast due to missing padlock from gates and electrical hazard warning signs at the access gates. Monitor all access steps for damage during site inspection Review security in reception area. Install panic al arm. Attend training. Review work patterns causing lone working. Initiate test protocols for security Ensure fuse board is closed and locked. Accessed by competent workers only. 5 Years Maintenance team to monitor 5 yearly inspections and testing. Barrier off with warning sign. 2 3 months Replace tape. Same day 10. Risk to health by exposure to asbestos by report showing location of asbestos in stair nosing and floor tiles plus regular inspection. Concrete repairs to steps. 6 months 9. Risk of trip due to worn tape around access hatch in floor in main corridor Arrange on going inspection of mast security and that warning signs stay in good condition Apply hazard tape to worn parts of step. 3 month / Continual . Risk of Electrocution or fire controlled by main fuse board in small hall corridor being located in secure cupboard and having 5 yearly inspections and testing. Fit permanent electrical hazard signs. Monitor to ensure gates are padlocked, particularly after maintenance worker visits. 7. Risk to personal safety of receptionist due to lone working. Lock gates, fit temporary electrical hazard sign. damaged concrete step leading to reception and school pathway. Administration manager to monitor tape for wear. Ensure locations of asbestos are also recorded in asbestos risk egister. Inspection of area for damage. Keep asbestos report for reference and provide details in asbestos risk register to contractors. On-going Monthly 11. Risk of upper limb injury / eye strain due to unsuitable, non-adjustable chair for display screen equipment (DSE) user in general office. Carry out regular reassessments of display screen equipment workstations and workers. Tape down cables Provide portable rubber covers for cables. Consider relocating sockets to avoid need to trail cable. Relocate sockets where possible. Continue to monitor where cables re situated and monitor for damage. Ensure training is carried out with workers. Email workers to warn of the fire risk, look for temporary storage for document folders. 3 6 months Erect suitable shelving to store files on. Ensure workers undertake fire awareness training. 1 months 14. Risk of falling due to working on an insecure short ladder during lone working in store cupboard. Ensure workers are complying with your display screen equipment use policy. 3 weeks 13. Risk to fire due to many document folders stored under desks in education workers ffice, next to electrical sockets and cables. Ensure workstations are assessed for suitability for all new workers and carry out online risk awareness training. 12. Risk of trip due to trailing cables of many portable appliances in general office i. e. fans, electric heaters and paper shredders. Monitor on-going for correct storage and fire risks. Ensure workers have annual updates Email workers to warn them of the potential hazards. Carry out risk assessment for working on ladders. Use of ladders training to be carried out. Continue to monitor work practices with ladders.

Predicted National Merit Scholarship Cutoffs for 2018 and 2019 (Updated)

Predicted National Merit Scholarship Cutoffs for 2018 and 2019 (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What score do you need on the PSAT to qualify for National Merit distinction? The answer to this question depends on where you live. To achieve National Merit recognition, you need to match or exceed the cutoff score in your home state. We’ve compiledtheNational Merit Semifinalist state cutoffs based on the most recent data from the fall of 2017.Before checking out the qualifying scores, let’s discuss how the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) determines who is named Commended Student orSemifinalist. Howto Qualify for National Merit National Merit is open to U.S. citizens who test in the U.S. in the fall of 11th grade. Only your junior year PSAT counts toward National Merit distinction and scholarships, though taking the PSAT as a sophomore or freshman can be good practice, especially if you’re aiming for top scores. Students who achieve top scores may receive recognition from the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. NMSC compares your PSAT scores with those of other students in your state using its own Selection Index, which falls on a scale between 48 and 228. The top 3-4% of scorers arenamed Commended Scholar. The top 1%, usually about 16,000 students, are named National Merit Semifinalists. Semifinalists may go on to apply for Finalist status and potentially win scholarship money. As I mentioned above, NMSC uses its own Selection Index along with state percentiles. Let’s take a look at how your scores convert to this index. Just how many differentscoring scales are actually onthe PSAT? Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Understanding Your Scores on the PSAT To understand your National Merit eligibility, you mainly need to pay attention to your PSAT section scores for Math, Reading, and Writing and Language. Each section isscored between 8 and 38. NMSCadds each section score together and then multiplies by 2. Let’s say you got a 30 on Math, a 31 on Reading, and a 32 on Writing and Language. Added together, the sum of these scores comes out to 93. Multiply by 2, and you get your National Merit Selection Index Score: 186. Asan equation, this would look like: (30 + 31 + 32) x2 = 186. Based on our estimates for the qualifying PSAT scores, a score of 186 wouldn’t make it into the top 1%. Check out the cutoff scoresbelow. Does your PSAT score report look like a jumble of numbers? For National Merit, you just need to understand one: your Selection Index. Predicted National Merit ScholarshipCutoffs The cutoffs in the chart below apply to students who took the PSAT in October 2017.While the National Merit Scholarship Corporation hasn't released the exact state-by-state cutoffs it used, we have been able to crowdsource this information from individuals around the country. If you see any state cutoffs that look off, let us know in the comments! Here's the full list of Selection Index scores that qualified for National Merit Semifinalist. State Selection Index Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 If you tested in California, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, or Washington, DC, then the bar was especially high. You had to score at or above a 223. North Dakota, West Virginia, and Wyoming had the lowest cutoffs at 212. The average cutoff for all states was 218. If you haven't taken the PSAT yet and are aiming for National Merit, you should aim to get a Selection Index score 2-5 points higher than the cutoff score for your state. The reason you should aim a little higher is that qualifying scores can fluctuate a little from year to year. Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship but worried your score won't qualify? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: Based on these cutoffs, how can you figure out what section scores you need on the PSATto qualify for National Merit? Let's talk goals. What Should You Score on Each PSAT Section? As discussed above, NMSC's Selection Index adds your three section scores together and doubles them. In order to figure out what you need for each section, simply work backward. Divide your state's qualifying score by 2, and then split that up by 3 (or however you want based on your target scores for each section). Let's consider the average qualifying score of 218. If you have a selection score of 218, then your section scores add up to 109. To get this sum, you couldscore around 36-37 on each section (Math, Reading, and Writing and Language). If you're much stronger in maththan in writing, then you could aim for a perfect 38 on Math and a little lower on Writing and Language. Overall, you need to get a sectionscore in the 30s for each section on the PSAT to compete for National Merit. Again, aim for a few points higher than the minimum, as cutoffs can vary somewhat from year to year. If your goal is to be named National Merit Semifinalist, then you'll want to put in some effort towardprepping for the PSAT.Below you'll find links to useful resources, such as official PSAT practice tests and sample questions. You'll need to crackthe books to geta purrfect score. How to Prep for the PSAT The best way to prepare for the PSAT is to familiarize yourself with official practice questions and self-timed PSAT practice tests. Score your attempts, figure out your strengths and weaknesses, and design a study plan that targets your weak areas. Depending on where you’re starting out, you might want to put in 40 hours of prep or more. You should familiarize yourself with the test content to review key concepts and get used to the tricky wording of the PSAT/NMSQT. At the same time, you can try out different strategies for answering questions efficiently, like recognizing answer types and using the process of elimination. One essentialpart of studying is reviewing and analyzing your mistakes. Rather than taking a practice test and moving right on to the next, you should take the time to deconstruct your errors piece by piece. Did you misunderstand the question, lack content knowledge, or make a careless mistake? By understanding the root of your mistake, you can figure out what you need to fix for next time. All of your prep might not only pay off with National Merit distinction and scholarships, but it should also help you achieve excellent scores on the SAT! What’s Next? If you achieve amazing PSAT scores and are named Semifinalist, how do you go on to win the scholarship? This guide talks about the application process for moving from National Merit Semifinalist to National Merit Finalist and scholarship winner. If you're scoring highly on the PSAT, then you might be in a good position to get a perfect score on the SAT. FYI, you don't have to be a genius to get a 1600 - full scores are all about how much and how well you prep! Check out this guide to getting a perfect score on the SAT, written by a perfectscorer. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Dietary and Activity Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dietary and Activity Analysis - Assignment Example The assignment "Dietary and Activity Analysis" presents the analysis of the author's dietary and activity, his energy intake and output, carbohydrate, alcohol, fat, protein, vitamin/mineral intakes and overall dietary intake based on 3-day average data. The paper contains the analysis of the estimated 3-day average daily expenditure in comparison with the 3-day energy intake. The author talks about the gaining or losing weight recently and if it is consistent with the differences between his energy intake and estimated energy output and his 3-day average daily energy intake. The energy consumed is analyzed during the weekend or weekdays and if it expends more energy on the weekends or weekdays. It is estimated that one should have at least 125 grams of carbohydrates a day and ideally, much more. Therefore the average intake compares with this minimum. The person requires more than 125 grams of carbohydrates per day for the energy supply to the body. The negative consequences of consuming less than this amount on a regular basis because less carbohydrate leads to more weight loss. Also, the percentage of the total calories contributed by carbohydrate based on the 3-day average intake is calculated. It is analyzed if the author's intake in line with the recommendations that 45-65% of the calories in his diet should come from carbohydrate. The grams of fiber consumed based on the 3-day average are also calculated and compared with the recommendation to consume 21-38 grams of dietary fiber/day.

Q1) list and elaborate on the factors that will be affecting the Essay - 1

Q1) list and elaborate on the factors that will be affecting the demand for the following products in the next several years. do you think these factors will ca - Essay Example Additionally, a fax arrives immediately and, more importantly, delivery is instantly confirmed. According to Davidson Consulting, more than 70 million fax machines are in operation today with the demand for fax capability growing rapidly--at a compounded annual growth rate of almost 19% worldwide. While the demand for traditional SLR cameras and films is slated to go down because of the rise in digital photography, the demand for high-end and sophisticated digital cameras is going to increase in the next few years. Since internet and paperless photography is on the rise, the demand for films might come down in the following years. A decade ago, when video and set top boxes were not heard of, video cassettes and CDs were very much in demand. Today, however with the rising popularity of tools and applications like YouTube and video-on-demand, video rented from retail outlets might see a negative growth in the coming years. With the convergence of global businesses, people across the globe are hungry for news and facts affecting global business. The demand for specialized TV programs is increasing. Not everyone is interested in every sitcom. Tastes are getting more and more specialized and people more ready to shell our more for something they feel is important to them. Thus, the demand for "pay-per-view" television programmes will be going up in the coming years. Section B Q2) list and elaborate on the factors that will be affecting the supply for the following products in the next several years. do you think these factors will cause the supply to increase or decrease (draw the diagrams to show the impact) g. Crude oilFactors affecting supply of crude oil: 1. Global reserves of fossil fuels: As the reserves of crude oil get depleted with indiscriminate drilling and use of crude oil as a source of fuel, the supply of crude oil is going to come down. 2. International relations and trade With the global superpowers trying to assert their power over the oil-rich nations of the world, things might come to a stand still and the supply of crude oil from the oil-rich countries might go down. 3. Increase in use of alternate sources of fuel: As alternate sources of energy, solar , tidal, wind, hydel, organic and chemical forms of energy gain popularity, the supply of crude oil might increase in the near future. h. Computer memory chips With the world going digital and every small thing in the world getting more and more dependent on computers, definitely, the demand for computer memory chips is going to increase. These chips will replace books and note-books in schools, paper in business and industrial transactions, games and entertainment and every other field of human interaction. i. Hotel rooms As the world goes global and distances cease to exist, the demand for travel and hotel rooms is going to incr

The Third Century Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Third Century Crisis - Research Paper Example The fact that the murder was carried out by this own people is a fact that made the citizens of the country lose trust in the running of the empire (Sisem, 2014). People had different views regarding the administration and this lack of trust made people not operate as a unit as they had been doing prior to the death of Emperor Alexander (Liu & Xiaobing, 2013). Many of the people that worked for the Emperor did not believe in him and they stated that the reason for this was that Alexander was weak and did not have the required Leadership styles (Wolf, 2005). Contrary to their beliefs, they had the idea that Alexander Severus was on the German side and was the reason why he resorted to diplomacy as a way of dealing with them. Another event that led to the collapse of the empire was the increase in the number of raids that took place in the years that followed the death of the empire. These raids came from different people in the administration and the reason for them was the fact that they all wanted to have a word in the running of the empire (Latourette, 2014). Many of the people had different ideologies regarding the best manner through which the citizens of the country could maintain their resources. These differences made the leaders implicate each other, leading to people turning on each other, and the result was the collapse of the Roman Empire. The outbreak of small pox was another cause of the collapse of the Roman Empire. Small pox was a common disease in those ages and the fact that physicians were yet to come up with a cure made the empire suffer a lot with regard to the number of people that died from it (Wong, 2009). Small pox was a disease that affected people across different ages and the consequent of this was a weak empire. Regardless of whether individuals had the disease or not it affected people both directly and indirectly (Gao, 2008).

Effects of Water Temperature on Plant Growth

Effects of Water Temperature on Plant Growth Abstract   Test the affect of microwave water and boiled water on plants. No major difference of the plants growth between boiled and microwave water, shown in the results. 1.0 Introduction The following experiment was conducted over a period of 5 weeks testing 2 different plant species on the affects of microwave water, behind the theory of microwave radiation altering the chemical composition of water. Based upon this theory the plants were experimented to see if microwave radiation alters the structure of DNA affecting the growth of plants. [Research Centre, 2006] Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is the very simple atomic structure of water. Causing it to have unique electrochemical properties. A slight positive charge on the hydrogen side of the molecule, with a negative charge on the other side. Water is a powerful solvent and is responsible for its string surface tension, as the molecular polarity causes water molecules to arrange themselves in patterns when a physical phase changes in water molecule. Specific heat is the energy amount required to change the temperature of a substance and wast has high specific heat. Large amount of heat energy, before it begins to get hot as its high specific heat. Helps organisms relate their body temperature as it releases energy slower and more effectively when caused to cool. Neither acid or basis with a neutral pH. The pH changes if substances are dissolved in it. Good heat conductor, conducting easily than any other liquid. Uniform vertical temperature profile for large bodies of water is due t he easy heat conduction. With a temperature range of 0 to 100 ° Celsius, allows the water molecule to exist in most places around the world. Being able to dissolve many different compounds and chemicals as its an universal solvent with a high surface tension. Adhesive, elastic and in aggregate drops is what water tends to be. Despite the downward of gravity the phenomenon causes water to stick to the sides of vertical structures. It also allows waves and water droplet formation and for plants to move water dissolving nutrients from their roots to their leaves. [Pidwirny, M. 2006.] A group of living organism with some 300, 000 different species characterised by their green colour, are plants. Trees, herbs, flowers and ferns are some common groups of plants. Sprout, seedling is the meaning of planta a Latin word in which plant originated form. [R, Conan-Davies. 2009] Each part of the plant plays a different role. Absorbing from the soil, water and minerals are the roots which act like straws. Extra food for the future is stored and helps anchor the plant, the tiny root hairs assist in the nutrients absorption. Acting like the plumbing system for the plant and supporting it, is the stem. In the form of glucose water and nutrients is conducted from the leaves to different parts of the plant. Being either herbaceous and bendable or woody. The small stalk which attaches the leaf to the plants stem is called the petiole. The leaves are where majority of the plants food is made, through the process of photosynthesis. The leaves are designed to capture sunlight for the photosynthesis process to work. The reproductive section of the plant is the flower. Pollen and ovules are contained in the flower, after the pollen fertilizes the ovule through pollination, fruit develops. Providing seed covering is the fruits role and is also edible to humans and animals. The seed is the basis of a plant. [Botanical Garden, 2009] Carbon fixation and photosynthesis conducted by plans and algae is the energy and organic material source in all habitats. The earths 20% composition is changed radically by the plants process. Internal energy which relies on oxygen to move and grow is aerobic organism such as animals. The nutrients of animal and humans rely heavily on plants. [R, Conan-Davies. 2009] Petunia is scientifically known as; Petunia x hybrida. [NC State University, 2010] popular low lying annuals provide a brilliant display and attractive colours and green foliage in garden beds or containers. Blooming all summer long. Growing best in full sunlight with soil the is peat based which contains vermiculite. Petunias will survive in the shade that at least 6 hours of full sunlight daily. With ranging colours from whites to yellows, petunias can be the main attraction in a garden bed with minimal maintenance. There are several varieties of petunias. Water the plants pior to planting them and allow for drainage. Fertilising with a liquid fertiliser or soluble on every two weeks will help keep plants healthy. [Garden Guides, 2010 information peg] Calendula officinalis is commonly known as the marigold. [Eco India, 2008] Easy to grow and provide bright large displays in the garden. With a strong unpleasant scent, its effective for repelling garden pests. Coming in yellow, orange colours, can be planted in pots or gardens. Being able to be grown anywhere in all but cold climates. To help conserve moisture in the plants mulch and fertilise to keep them healthy. Regular water and will bloom throughout the summer and autumn and will keep pests away. [Garden Guides, 2010 information peg] The largest component of plants is water. 80 to 90% of water is the growing tissue part of the plant, lower water percentage parts are the woody, between 45 and 60% by weight of the water. Transporting minerals acting as a solvent and carbohydrates dissolved. Excellent solvent due to its unique chemical properties. A reactant in many chemical reactions throughout the plant. Oxygen we breathe everyday is the result of water acting as electron in the reaction of photosynthesis. Maintaining pressure in the plant so the leaves are literally inflated is an important role of water, as wilted plants is a lack of water. The water pressure is necessary for cell enlargement, growth and maintenance. [John Peterson, 2010] The net movement of atoms or ions of a higher concentration to a lower is diffusion. Until a state of equilibrium, diffusion will continue. Temperature, molecule density are the affect in which diffusions rate is, occurring through the stomata into the atmosphere. Through a sem i permeable membrane, the diffusion of molecules. Pressure can prevent osmosis. The minimum pressure required for the fluid to be prevented from moving due to osmosis is call osmotic potential. Until the osmotic potential is balance fluid will enter the cell via it. To help keep the plant cell turgor, any water gained by osmosis is kept. As a result of water entering the cells vacuole developing against the wall is turgor pressure. The water potential is made up by the pressure potential combined with the osmotic potential. Water will move from the cell with higher water potential to the cell with lower water potential if there next to each other. Water moves due to the soils higher water potential than the roots and plant parts. The plant will die if there is no net movement in the plants. The loss of water via osmosis is plasmolysis and the shrinkage of protoplasm. If the cell is placed in fresh water this process can be reversed, as the cell is allowed to regain turgor pressure. Permanent damage can occur to the cell. Alive or dead tissue, swelling is imbition. It can swell to several times their original volume. Minerals, cellulose and starches in suspension, attraction highly polar molecules is due to this. The initial germination of the seeds is this swelling process. Movement energy of substances is active transport. Enzymes and a pump in the plasma membrane are required for this process. ATP molecules energize the face. [Biology online, 2010] Transpiration is where 90% of water that enters the plant is loss. Through the leaves is the loss of water vapour, this is transpiration. Loss if water through the cuticle is less than 5%. Not just for the pressure reason, vital to plant life is water and the cellular activities that occur in water molecules presence. The internal plants temperature is regulated by water. From the smallest root all the way up to the smallest leaf is the xylem pathway, internal plumbing system paired with phloem. The plants water needs and resources are maintained in the nutrient transportation system or internal plumbing. Columns of water in the plant form as the water molecules adhere to the xylem and tracheids walls and vessels to cohere each other allowing an overall tension. Water that enters the roots via osmosis, water content from the soil travels up these columns. Enough force to transport water through the plant is the water potentials of the soil and the stomata, from bottom to top. Externa l input is the minerals in the soil, affects the growth rate and quality. Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, potassium, iron, calcium, cobalt, zinc, sulphur, sodium, manganese, chlorine, oxygen, phosphorus, molybdenum and boron are essential mineral in the plants growth. Minerals vary from plant to plant in which helps them to survive. If the soil is lacking these nutrients and fertilizer isnt used to compensated, the plant will demonstrate mineral deficiencies symptoms. The ratio of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compensate the deficiencies. [Biology online, 2010] 2.0 Hypothesis Microwave radiation water will affect the plants growth. Boiled water will have minimal impact on the plants growth. 3.0 Aim To investigate the effect of microwave and boiled water on plants. 4.0 Materials Used Gardening spade 4 black P.E.T pots Searles real premium potting mix Microwave Oven Boiling jug/kettle 2 petunia x hybrid 2 Calendula officinalis Pen and Paper Ruler Gloves 2 measuring jugs 5.0 Method Potting Plants: Group names and plant type experiment were labelled on the pot. Pot was half filled with potting mixed. Plant was removed from seedling tray. Roots of the plant were spread out. Plant was placed into the pot. Pot was then filled with soil surrounding the plant and compacted. Steps 1 to 7 were repeated for each plant. Measuring Plants: Plant height was measured from the base to the highest point and recorded. Number of flowers and buds on the plant were counted and recorded. Stems of the plant were counted and recorded. Heating Water: Measuring jugs were labelled, boiling water and microwave water. Kettle was filled with tap water and boiled. Glass proof jug was filled with tap water. Jug was placed in microwave for approximately 2 to 5 minutes on high. Water was left to cool. 500ml of both boiled and microwave water were measured out. 1 of both the boiled and microwave experiment plants was watered. Steps 6 and 7 were repeated for the remaining 2 plants. Each week the method of heating the water measuring were carried out recording the plants development and growth. 6.0 Discussion The results of the experiment showed the aims outcome. Two plants Calendula officinalis and petunia x hybrid were tested for the affect that boiling water or microwaving it had up it. The stimulus was that microwaving water altered the DNA affecting plants. The water travel up the transport system of the plants, known as the xylem like a circulatory system. This is how the water and the dissolved nutrients throughout it is dispersed throughout the plant. If microwaving water alters its DNA and affects the nutrients which dissolve itself from the soil, the reason it affects the whole plant is due to its transport system. The plants werent affected that much by the two different waters, although the microwave marigold wilted and died. However there shouldnt be much difference between the boiled and microwave water. The hypothesis was based upon the stimulus of the experiment stating, microwave radiation water will affect the plants growth. Boiled water will have minimal impact on the plants growth. Although the results didnt support the hypothesis, as there wasnt any major difference between the boiled and microwave petunias and marigolds. Although the microwave marigold welted in our experiment other groups may have had boiled plants that welted. The variables would have been the reason as to why we received the results we did. As there was no fertiliser added to the plants and some of them demonstrated the characteristics of lacking nutrients, as fertiliser can assist in this and supply the plant with the nutrients to help its deterioration the plants werent helped. The dying plant couldve have been easily prevented if a substitute nutrient like fertiliser was given to it. Many errors throughout the experiment can be improved. When potting the plants the soil could have been compacted more so there were no air pockets and the water soaked in more. It also wouldve prevented the plants to die. Measuring the data, could have been more accurate by having more than 3 standard measurements, things such as the plants width could have been measured and the plants weight. The standard error ranges which mean the way in which every group maintained their plant was different and play a major affect on them. Such as accidently pouring the wrong water into the incorrect plant would have affected the outcome even though there shouldnt be much of a difference between microwave and boiled water. The environment in which the plants were in also affected them as they were open and exposed to rain and bad weathers. Many things of the experiment could have been improved to get a more accurate result. 7.0 Conclusion The hypothesis wasnt supported nor was it wrong as there wasnt a massive difference between the microwave water and boiled water results, it seems that the microwave water plants were growing better than the boiled plants, although only by a minimal amount. The results can lead to further experimentation upon humans and wether microwaving makes us susceptible to cancers and harmful diseases. Tests on animals and if over a period of time that microwave radiation can affect you and deteriorate the body. Does microwave radiation alter foods DNA and prevent our bodies from registering it. The experiment has answered the hypothesis and reached the aim, it has also left many further possible investigations about microwave radiation and its affects. 8.0  Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the year 10 biology class, Mr. Fesuk the teacher, Ms. Mason student teacher and my group buddies; Caitlin, Dorine and Shadae.